Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
What is the APA’s definition for neurodevelopmental disorders?
Disorders in this category typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
What’s included in the Neurodevelopmental Disorders section?
Intellectual Disability, Communication Disorders, ASD, ADHD, SLD, and Tic Disorders
What is the criteria for an intellectual disability diagnosis?
1) Deficits in intellectual functioning (e.g., reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking) that are confirmed by an assessment and individualized IQ testing
2) Deficits in adaptive functioning across multiple environments and in one or more activities of daily living
3) onset of intellectual and adaptive is during the developmental period.
Course/Prognosis of Intellectual Disability
Early signs: motor development and lack of age-appropriate interest in environmental stimuli.
Infants may not make eye contact during feeding and less responsive to voice/movement.
Not necessarily a lifelong condition , with proper intervention = no longer meet criteria or less severe form.
Etiology of Intellectual Disability
5% due to heredity (fragile X), 30% chromosomal changes and exposures to toxins during prenatal (Down Syndrome, FASD), 10% pregnancy and preinatal problems (trauma, fetal malnutrition), 5% acquired medical conditions during infancy or childhood (encephalitis), 15-20% environmental factors and predisposing mental disorders (ASD). unknown for 30% of cases.
Risk factors: strong research with unknown cause = low birth weight.
Differential Dx for Intellectual Disability
Neurocognitive Disorders, Communication Disorders, SLD, ASD, Borderline Intellectual Fx
