Neurodevelopmental D/o and Intellectual Disability

Question 1

When referring to a pt with a neurodevelopmental d/o, you should use what kind of language?

Answer 1

person first language

Question 2

What is the controversy behind using person first language?

Answer 2

Awkward when writing

Groups embrace as a source of positive identity

Question 3

Onset of neurodevelopmental d/o is in the _____ period (prior to ____ y/o)

Answer 3

developmental periods

<18 y/o

Question 4

Neurodevelopmental d/o include what three dx?

Answer 4

Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Autism spectrum d/o

Question 5

Neurodevelopmental d/o are characterized by developmental deficits that impair ____, ____, ____, and ____ functioning

Answer 5

personal, social, academic, and occupational

Question 6

Global developmental delay can be dx in patients who are ____ y/o who fail to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of functioning (____ standard deviations below the mean)

Answer 6

<5 y/o

>2 SD

Question 7

T/F: Global developmental delay and ID are interchangeable terms

Answer 7

F; GDD does not meet ID criteria

Question 8

Pts with global developmental delay cannot keep their dx past ___ y/o and thus require frequent reassessment over time

Answer 8

5 y/o

Question 9

Intellectual disability can be dx’d if a pt has significant limitations in intellectual fxning AND in _______, with an onset ____ y/o

Answer 9

everyday adaptive fxning

onset <18 y/o

Question 10

Severity (mild, moderate, severe, profound) of intellectual disability is based on ____, not _____

Answer 10

adaptive fxn, not IQ

Question 11

Pts with intellectual disability will be (less/more) socially engaged than a patient with Autism Spectrum D/o

Answer 11

more

Question 12

Intelligence refers to _____ abilities, such as reasoning, planning, problem solving, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience

Answer 12

mental

Question 13

Adaptive functioning includes ____, ___, and ____ skills. Examples of each?

Answer 13

Conceptual (academic) skills: memory, language, reading, writing, math reasoning, problem solving, judgment, self-direction

Social skills: awareness of others’ thoughts, feelings, experiences; empathy, interpersonal communication skills, friendship abilities, and social judgment

Practical skills: activities of daily living (personal care), job responsibilities, manage money, recreation, safety, health care

Question 14

Lack of communication skills may predispose individuals with ID to _____ and _____ behaviors → exploitation by others, victimization, unintentional crime involvement, risk for abuse, etc.

Answer 14

disruptive and aggressive

Question 15

What are some common tools to measure intellectual functioning? Which one is the most commonly used?
Which one is delivered nonverbally?

Answer 15

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB-5)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV)
Differential Ability Scales (DAS-II) is most common
Leiter-3 (delivered nonverbally)

Question 16

What is the % prevalence of intellectual disability?

Answer 16

1-3 %

Question 17

The etiology of intellectual disability is unknown in up to ~___% of cases

Answer 17

60%

Question 18

In what population is intellectual disability most common?

Answer 18

school age males

Question 19

T/F: Mild intellectual disability is more prevalent in developing countries or areas with lower SES

Answer 19

T

Question 20

If intellectual disability is associated with a genetic syndrome, what may the patient also have? (guess what I’m thinking lol)

Answer 20

a characteristic physical appearance (phenotype)

Question 21

Identifiable causes for intellectual disability include:
___% perinatal insult (L & D related events)
___-___% postnatal insult (sz d/o, TBI, infxns)
___-___% prenatal genetic syndromes (maternal dz/virus, teratogen exposure)

Answer 21

5%
1-5%
50-70%

Question 22

What is the most common chromosomal abnormality, leading to intellectual disability?

Answer 22

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

Question 23

What is the most common heritable etiology of intellectual disability?

Answer 23

Fragile X

Question 24

What are some examples of early stage signs of intellectual disability? (x4, with examples)

Answer 24

Delayed receptive/expressive language development–> Lack of early babbling, slowed development of single word/phrase speech

Adaptive delay–> Significant difficulties w/ toileting, self-feeding, dressing activities

Signs of cognitive delay/difficulties w/ pre academics

Lack of appropriate play skills–> Play w/ toys for younger children; functional play at age where imaginative play would be expected

Question 25

Three possible interventions for pts with intellectual disabilities include….

Answer 25

Systemic instruction (task analysis, prompting and reinforcement)
Peer tutors
Use of technology