Neurodevelopmental Flashcards
what are some of the main features of ADHD?
inattention
hyperactivity
impulsitivity
what is the treatment of ADHD for children under 4 years old?
not pharamcotherapy.
First line - parental training, educational programmes, supported by behavioural intervention in the preschool setting
what are the pharmacotherapy that can be used for children w/ ADHD?
stimulants (dexamphetamine, methylphenidate)
what dosage should be stimulants be started at?
dexamphetamine (4 years or older) 2.5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 0.5 mg/kg (up to 40 mg) daily in 2 divided doses
OR
methylphenidate immediate-release (4 years or older) 5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 1 mg/kg (up to 60 mg) daily in 2 or 3 divided doses.
what dosage should be stimulants be started at?
dexamphetamine (4 years or older) 2.5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 0.5 mg/kg (up to 40 mg) daily in 2 divided doses
OR
methylphenidate immediate-release (4 years or older) 5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 1 mg/kg (up to 60 mg) daily in 2 or 3 divided doses.
what are the pharmacotherapy that can be used for children w/ ADHD?
stimulants (dexamphetamine, methylphenidate)
SNRI (atomexetine)
TCA (clonidine)
what dosage should be stimulants be started at?
dexamphetamine (4 years or older) 2.5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 0.5 mg/kg (up to 40 mg) daily in 2 divided doses
OR
methylphenidate immediate-release (4 years or older) 5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 1 mg/kg (up to 60 mg) daily in 2 or 3 divided doses.
what dosage should be stimulants be started at?
dexamphetamine (4 years or older) 2.5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 0.5 mg/kg (up to 40 mg) daily in 2 divided doses
OR
methylphenidate immediate-release (4 years or older) 5 mg orally, once or twice daily initially. Maximum dose 1 mg/kg (up to 60 mg) daily in 2 or 3 divided doses.
what are the common features of patients with autism spectrum disorder?
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
restricted, repitive behaviour, interest and activities
present in early developmental period, clinically significant impact, not better explained by ID, global developmental delay
what are the first symptoms of ASD to usually occur?
delayed language development - then followed by lack of social interests, unusual social interactions, odd play patterns, unusual communication patterns
what is rett’s syndrome? tell me more?
neurodevelopmental condition that involves girls predominantly, normal developmental and growth phase till about 1 - 4 years old. Regressive phase will then occur where there is loss of purposeful use of hands, distinctive hand movements, slowed brain and head growth, problems w/ walking, seizures and intellectual disability
describe the stages of Erikson’s theory of child and adolescent development?
(1 years) trust vs mistrust (1 - 3) autonomy vs shame/doubt (3-6) initiative vs guilt (6-adolsecence) industry vs inferiority (adolescence) identity vs identity confusion (young adult) intimacy vs isolation (middle aged adult) generativity vs stagnation (old age) integrity vs despair
describe the piaget stages of cognition development
sensorimotor (0 - 2) --> words sensory and motor based perioperational thought (2 - 6) --> symbols and words are used, but only understand the world through their own perspective concrete operational thought (7 - adolescence) --> can use logical thinking formal operational thought (Adolescence) --> can use abstract thought
describe the freud’s psychosocial development
oral; weaning (0 - 1)
anal: toilet training (1 - 3)
phallic: identifying w/ adult role models (3 - 6)
latency: expanding social contacts (6 - 12)
genital: establishing family and next generation (12+)
