Neurodevelopment Disorders Flashcards
What are neurodevelopment disorders?
These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period.
The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
The range of developmental deficits varies from very specific limitations of learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence.
Can ND co-occur?
The neurodevelopment disorders frequently co-occur; for example, individuals with autism spectrum disorder often have intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder), and many children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have a specific learning disorder.
For some disorders, the clinical presentation includes symptoms of excess as well as deficits and delays in achieving expected milestones. For example, autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed only when the characteristic deficits of social communication are accompanied by excessively repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and insis tence on sameness.
How is Intellectual disability characterised?
Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is characterized by deficits in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.
The deficits result in impair ments of adaptive functioning, such that the individual fails to meet standards of personal independence and social responsibility in one or more aspects of daily life, including com- mimication, social participation, academic or occupational functioning, and personal inde pendence at home or in community settings.
