neurodevelopment

Question 1

6 stages of brain development

Answer 1

1. cell birth/proliferation
2. cell migration
3. cell differentiation and maturation
4. synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning
5. cell deat
6. myelination

Question 2

cell birth/proliferation

Answer 2

neurogenesis and gliogenesis

• peak = 250,000 neurones born/minute
• initially neural tube is one cell thick –> lots of cell division = cells hold on as the tube expands
• no division in neurogenesis - neurones do not divide
• stem cells divide to form precursor cells which can be neuroblasts OR glioblasts

Question 3

ventricular zone

Answer 3

• inner surface of neural tube
• layer that produces neurones
• cells undergoing mitosis also closer to here

Question 4

cell migration

Answer 4

• newly formed cells move to the outer layers
• cortex develops in an inside out manner
• primitive map of the cortex that predisposes cells born in a certain region to migrate to a specific cortical region

occurs with the help of:
- chemical signals (immunoglobulins and cytokines)

• physical support (radial glia)

neurones follow a specific pattern INSIDE OUT - without specific brain layering = impact

Question 5

2 mechanisms that support cell migration

Answer 5

• chemical signals (immunoglobulins and cytokines)
• physical support (radial glia)