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Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Akinesia

A

inability to initiate movement, lack of spontaneous movement (i.e. facial expressions, arm swings)

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2
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slowing of movement, slowness in initiating voluntary movement

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3
Q

Dysmetria

A

decreased coordination of movements

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4
Q

Rigidity

A

increased muscle tone at rest

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5
Q

Spasticity

A

increased muscle tone when muscle lengthened/stretched

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6
Q

Fasciculation

A

muscle twitch – involuntary muscle contraction & relaxation

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7
Q

Festinating Gait

A

small shuffled steps due to forward tilted head & trunk posture

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8
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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9
Q

Dysarthria

A

difficulty speaking

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10
Q

Paresthesia

A

numbness and tingling

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11
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles leading to eventual paralysis

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12
Q

ALS: Which direction does ALS progress?

A

distal to proximal

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13
Q

ALS: OT Approach?

A

Compensatory due to mean survival of 3 years

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14
Q

ALS: Symptoms?

A
  • muscle weakness
  • muscle atrophy
  • fasciculations at rest
  • spasticity
  • muscle cramps
  • dysphagia
  • dysarthria
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15
Q

T/F: ALS affects motor and sensory neurons?

A

False

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16
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

body attacks own myelin sheath of PNS

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17
Q

T/F: GBS affects PNS & CNS?

A

False

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18
Q

GBS: Symptoms?

A
  • pain
  • fatigue
  • areflexia
  • glove & stocking distribution
  • ANS dysfunction
  • mild cognitive difficulties
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19
Q

GBS: OT Interventions?

A
  • Communication tools
  • positioning
  • skin breakdown
  • dynamic splints (wrists, fingers, ankles)
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20
Q

GBS: Which direction does ALS progress?

A

Ascending, starts in legs

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21
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

fatal, inherited brain disorder causing nerve cells in brain to die

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22
Q

HD: Symptoms?

A
  • motor –> chorea (involuntary, irregular, unpredictable movements), fidgety, bradykinesia, uncoordinated
  • dysphagia, dysarthria
  • cognitive deficits (memory, attention slow)
  • mood changes (irritable, depression)
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23
Q

Chorea

A

involuntary, irregular, unpredicatable movements

24
Q

Akathisia

A

fidgety, intense restlessness

25
Dystonia
repetitive movements, abnormal postures (i.e. clenched fists, tilted head)
26
HD: OT Approach?
compensatory, adaptive, prevent secondary complications
27
Ataxia
poor motor control --> loss of balance and coordination
28
Multiple Sclerosis
progressive disease where body attacks axons of CNS, normal life expectancy
29
MS: Symptoms
Motor, sensory, visual, communication, bladder/bowel, sexual, cognitive, emotional
30
Stereognosis
identify object by feeling
31
Kinesthesia
awareness of body movement and position (i.e. know arm is moving up without looking at it)
32
Body Scheme
awareness of body structure and spatial relations (i.e. accurately reach for object, knowing where hand is in relation to torso)
33
Vertigo
dizzy, spinning
34
Optic Neuritis
sudden vision loss with eye pain --> symptoms subside without impairment
35
Scotoma
partial vision loss or blind spot
36
Nystagmus
involuntary, repetitive movements of eye --> difficult to focus
37
Scanning Speech
slow enunciation with frequent hesitation @ beginning of word or syllable
38
Pseudobulbar Affect
sudden, uncontrollable episode of laughing or crying unrelated to emotional state
39
MS: Most common type is?
Relapsing-Remitting: worsening and stable periods
40
T/F: multiple sclerosis is easily diagnosable due to clear symptoms
false, ms looks very different for each person
41
Parkinson's Disease
age-related degenerative brain condition -- decrease in dopamine production, life expectancy unaffected
42
PD: Primary Symptoms
resting tremor, muscle rigidity (stiff), bradykinesia, postural instability
43
PD: Secondary Symptoms
festinating gait, fine motor, freezing, cognitive deficits, communication deficits, sensory loss (bowel, bladder, sexual), dysphagia, mood & behavior
44
Cogwheel Motions
jerky, painful motions with joint movement (mostly UE)
45
Micrographia
smaller & smaller handwriting
46
Hypophonia
reduced speech volume
47
LSVT BIG
movement program to teach "big" movements --> OTs can get certified
48
Upper Motor Neuron Signs
spasticity, exaggerated reflexes
49
Lower Motor Neuron Signs
muscle wasting, decreased reflexes
50
Alzheimer's Dementia
progressive impairment of memory, executive function, attention, language, visual processing, praxis
51
Vascular Dementia
series of small stroke, abrupt decline - affects gait - immediate medical treatment!
52
Frontotemporal Dementia
death of nerve cells, progressive, immediate onset - progressive aphasia (expressive, comprehend language) - similar to AD & Parkinson's - disinhibited & apathetic behavior**
53
Dementia w/ Lewy Bodies
protein develops in brain --> affects thinking, memory, movement - progressive deficits in attention, executive functioning, memory, hallucinations**, Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep
54
Primary Symptoms of Dementia
memory impairment, cognitive deficits, personality, motor deficits
55
Early Phase of Dementia
- Complete ADLs without assist - Difficulty with IADLs due to high er level executive functioning - Memory lapses, forget words (affects safety in community) - irritated
56
Middle Phase of Dementia
- frequent forgetting - disoriented (i.e. think you need to pick up your kids from school when you're 80) - mood changes - poor decision making - risk of wandering - mod impairment of IADLs
57
Late Phase of Dementia
- can't engage with environment - can't hold conversation - significant assist for ADLs (can't walk, incontinent) - can't chew/swallow - posture & balance deficit

NBCOT (2 decks)

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