Neurodegenerative Diseases

Question 1

Alzheimer’s disease causes

Answer 1

Damage to cholinergic cells. Reduced acetylcholine and nicotine receptors

Question 2

Alzheimers genes and proteins

Answer 2

APP, PSEN1/2, Amyloid Beta, tau

Question 3

Alzheimers treatments

Answer 3

Amyloid Beta found in CSF and Tau found in plasma as bio markers.
Antibodies target amyloid plaques, helps to reduce build up but does not reverse disease progression. Expensive. Need to undergo MRIs to monitor ARIA risk.

Question 4

Parkinson’s causes

Answer 4

Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pas compacta of substantia nigra

Question 5

Parkinson’s genes and proteins

Answer 5

Parkin, PINK1, LRRK2, alpha-synuclein

Question 6

Parkinson’s treatment

Answer 6

L-Dopa

Question 7

Huntington’s causes

Answer 7

Loss of neutrons in caudate nucleus, glutamate excitotoxicity

Question 8

Huntington’s symptoms

Answer 8

Depression, behavioural changes, cognitive impairment

Question 9

Huntington’s treatment

Answer 9

Reducing the production of all Htt protein forms

Question 10

ALS Causes

Answer 10

Degeneration of UMN and LMN

Question 11

ALS proteins

Answer 11

SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, TDP-43

Question 12

ALS Treatment

Answer 12

Anti-glutamate medication. Not very effective