Neurodegen/Demyelin/Other CNS

Question 1

Age for Pediatric MS

Answer 1

10-18

Question 2

Kinds of tumors in Neurofibromatosus

Answer 2

Optic gliomas
Pilocytic astrocytomas
Vestivular schannomas
meningiomas

Question 3

What does NMDA stand for

Answer 3

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

Question 4

Love most commonly affect in HSV Encephalitis

Answer 4

Temporal

Question 5

Treatment of Anti-NDMAR E

Answer 5

Aggressive immunotherapy
Steroids
IVIg
plasmapheresis
rituximab
cyclophosphamide (last resort due to side effects)
LOOK FOR TUMOR

Question 6

What to watch for infections (instead of ADEM)

Answer 6

Herpes Simple Virus (HSV)
Epstein-Barr
Enterovirus
West Nile
Varciella Soster
anti-NMDMAR

Question 7

Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 7

stim to vagus nerve in the carotid sheath

50% of patients have reduction in seizures

Question 8

What is Neuromyelitis Optica

Answer 8

Polymodal demyelinating condition characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis

Question 9

Is NMO rare

Answer 9

Exceptionally rare

Question 10

What was the classic tumor associated with Anti-NMDAR encephalitis

Answer 10

Ovarian teratoma

Question 11

What is NMO

Answer 11

Neuromyelitis Optica

Question 12

What’s worse for function NMO or MS

Answer 12

NMO

Question 13

What is ADEM

Answer 13

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Question 14

Most common malignant brain tumor in kids

Answer 14

Medulloblastoma

Question 15

Presenting symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis

Answer 15

Mood and behavioral changes
seizures
Altered level of consciousness
Dyskinesias

Question 16

Common chemo side effects

Answer 16

Methotrexate: Stroke like encephalopathy
Vinctristine: Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Cisplatin: High freq hearing loss
Cyclophosphamide: Reversible neurotoxicity
Steroids: Myopathy

Question 17

Treatment of Transverse Myelitis

Answer 17

High dose steroids
Plasmapheresis
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg)

Question 18

Ketogenic diet

Answer 18

40% of children have 50% or more reduction seizure frequency

Question 19

Treatments for ADEM

Answer 19

Steroids
Acyclovir
Antibiotics
IVIg
Plasmapheresis
Cyclophosphamide

Question 20

Medulloblastomas

Answer 20

A primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Different types
Mets along CSF pathway. (Mets outside CNS very rare)
Therapy is maximal safe tumor resection with 80% cure

Question 21

Treatment of NMO

Answer 21

High dose steroids
IVIg
Plasmapheresis

Question 22

Diagnosis of ADEM

Answer 22

One episode without new findings after the acute phase
Diffuse, large white matter lesions with poor demarcation
Can also be focal punctate lesions
Not fever, infection, or post-ictal

Question 23

Pediatric Brain Tumors

Answer 23

Second most common type of childhood cancer
Most common type of solid tumors (leukemia and lymphoma more common via blood)
Most common cause of death from cancer

Question 24

Most common pediatric brain tumor

Answer 24

Astrocytoma

Question 25

Transeverse Myelitis history sig for what?

Answer 25

Recent mild illness, vaccine, allergy shot

Question 26

What is anti-NMDAR

Answer 26

Auto-antibodies to NMDA Receptors causing encephalitis

Question 27

Diagnosis of anti-NDMAR encephalitis

Answer 27

identification of autoantibodies against the NMDA-type glutamate receptors in CSF or serum.

Question 28

Treatment for HSV Encephalitis

Answer 28

Acyclovir

Question 29

Recovery in anti-NDMAR E

Answer 29

Majority good recovery | Many very partial

Question 30

Risk factors for pediatric brain tumors

Answer 30

Tuberous sclerosis | Neurofibromatosus

Question 31

Common Pediatric Encephalitis Causes

Answer 31

``` St. Louis Eastern Equine Encephalitis Mumps Measles Parvovirus Enterovirus Cytomegalovirus Influenza A and B M. pneumonia Listeria Rickettsia ```

Question 32

Presenting Peds MS Symptoms

Answer 32

Optic Neuritis Gait Brainstem Frequent cognitive deficits

Question 33

Common presenting symptom of ant9-NMDAR encephalitis

Answer 33

Psychiatric: hallucinations, delusions, confusion, paranoia

Question 34

ADEM ages in Peds

Answer 34

5-8

Question 35

Pathogenesis of posterior fossa syndrome

Answer 35

splitting of the cerebellar vermis with damage to dentate-thalamic-cortical tracks or maybe hypoperfusion

Question 36

Neurogenic bladder in Ped MS

Answer 36

80% | Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia (DSD)

Question 37

Ped % of all MS

Answer 37

5%

Question 38

Posterior fossa syndrome

Answer 38

25% of posterior fossa tumor resections is very common in medulloblastoma Emotional lability, ataxia, axial hypotonia, brainstem dysfunction, mutism, dysarthria

Question 39

Diseases associated with Transverse Myelitis

Answer 39

Neuromyelitis Optica MS Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 40

Type of MS in Peds

Answer 40

Relapsing-remitting, higher rate 2-3x relapses, higher recovery

Question 41

Location of Transverse Myelitis lesion

Answer 41

Almost always thoracic

Question 42

Most common Pediatric encephalitis

Answer 42

HSV | Herpes Simplex Virus