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Neurodegenerative/Demyelinating/Other CNS > Neurodegen/Demyelin/Other CNS > Flashcards

Neurodegen/Demyelin/Other CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Age for Pediatric MS

A

10-18

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2
Q

Kinds of tumors in Neurofibromatosus

A

Optic gliomas
Pilocytic astrocytomas
Vestivular schannomas
meningiomas

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3
Q

What does NMDA stand for

A

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

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4
Q

Love most commonly affect in HSV Encephalitis

A

Temporal

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5
Q

Treatment of Anti-NDMAR E

A 
Aggressive immunotherapy
Steroids
IVIg
plasmapheresis
rituximab
cyclophosphamide (last resort due to side effects)
LOOK FOR TUMOR
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6
Q

What to watch for infections (instead of ADEM)

A 
Herpes Simple Virus (HSV)
Epstein-Barr
Enterovirus
West Nile
Varciella Soster
anti-NMDMAR
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7
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation

A

stim to vagus nerve in the carotid sheath

50% of patients have reduction in seizures

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8
Q

What is Neuromyelitis Optica

A

Polymodal demyelinating condition characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis

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9
Q

Is NMO rare

A

Exceptionally rare

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10
Q

What was the classic tumor associated with Anti-NMDAR encephalitis

A

Ovarian teratoma

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11
Q

What is NMO

A

Neuromyelitis Optica

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12
Q

What’s worse for function NMO or MS

A

NMO

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13
Q

What is ADEM

A

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

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14
Q

Most common malignant brain tumor in kids

A

Medulloblastoma

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15
Q

Presenting symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis

A

Mood and behavioral changes
seizures
Altered level of consciousness
Dyskinesias

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16
Q

Common chemo side effects

A

Methotrexate: Stroke like encephalopathy
Vinctristine: Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Cisplatin: High freq hearing loss
Cyclophosphamide: Reversible neurotoxicity
Steroids: Myopathy

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17
Q

Treatment of Transverse Myelitis

A 
High dose steroids
Plasmapheresis
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg)
18
Q

Ketogenic diet

A

40% of children have 50% or more reduction seizure frequency

19
Q

Treatments for ADEM

A 
Steroids
Acyclovir
Antibiotics
IVIg
Plasmapheresis
Cyclophosphamide
20
Q

Medulloblastomas

A

A primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Different types
Mets along CSF pathway. (Mets outside CNS very rare)
Therapy is maximal safe tumor resection with 80% cure

21
Q

Treatment of NMO

A

High dose steroids
IVIg
Plasmapheresis

22
Q

Diagnosis of ADEM

A

One episode without new findings after the acute phase
Diffuse, large white matter lesions with poor demarcation
Can also be focal punctate lesions
Not fever, infection, or post-ictal

23
Q

Pediatric Brain Tumors

A

Second most common type of childhood cancer
Most common type of solid tumors (leukemia and lymphoma more common via blood)
Most common cause of death from cancer

24
Q

Most common pediatric brain tumor

A

Astrocytoma

25
Q

Transeverse Myelitis history sig for what?

A

Recent mild illness, vaccine, allergy shot

26
Q

What is anti-NMDAR

A

Auto-antibodies to NMDA Receptors causing encephalitis

27
Q

Diagnosis of anti-NDMAR encephalitis

A

identification of autoantibodies against the NMDA-type glutamate receptors in CSF or serum.

28
Q

Treatment for HSV Encephalitis

A

Acyclovir

29
Q

Recovery in anti-NDMAR E

A

Majority good recovery

Many very partial

30
Q

Risk factors for pediatric brain tumors

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Neurofibromatosus

31
Q

Common Pediatric Encephalitis Causes

A 
St. Louis
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Mumps
Measles
Parvovirus
Enterovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Influenza A and B
M. pneumonia
Listeria
Rickettsia
32
Q

Presenting Peds MS Symptoms

A

Optic Neuritis
Gait
Brainstem
Frequent cognitive deficits

33
Q

Common presenting symptom of ant9-NMDAR encephalitis

A

Psychiatric: hallucinations, delusions, confusion, paranoia

34
Q

ADEM ages in Peds

A

5-8

35
Q

Pathogenesis of posterior fossa syndrome

A

splitting of the cerebellar vermis with damage to dentate-thalamic-cortical tracks
or maybe hypoperfusion

36
Q

Neurogenic bladder in Ped MS

A

80%

Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia (DSD)

37
Q

Ped % of all MS

A

5%

38
Q

Posterior fossa syndrome

A

25% of posterior fossa tumor resections is very common in medulloblastoma
Emotional lability, ataxia, axial hypotonia, brainstem dysfunction, mutism, dysarthria

39
Q

Diseases associated with Transverse Myelitis

A

Neuromyelitis Optica
MS
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

40
Q

Type of MS in Peds

A

Relapsing-remitting,
higher rate 2-3x relapses,
higher recovery

41
Q

Location of Transverse Myelitis lesion

A

Almost always thoracic

42
Q

Most common Pediatric encephalitis

A

HSV

Herpes Simplex Virus

Neurodegenerative/Demyelinating/Other CNS (2 decks)

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