Neurocognitive Disorders and Personality Disorders Flashcards
Delirium
a diagnosis of delirium requires (a) a disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over s short period of time (ordinary hours to a few days), represents a change from baseline functioning, and tends to fluctuate in severity over the course of a day (often worsening in the evening and at night) and (b) at least one additional disturbance in cognition (impaired memory, disorientation, imputed language, deficits in visuospatial ability, or perceptual distortions).
Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
ND
Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Stages:
Linked Biological Factors:
Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
VND
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness that entails interpreting the motives of others as malevolent. Needs 4:
suspects others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them without a sufficient basis for doing so,
is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the trustworthiness of others,
is reluctant to confide in others,
reads demeaning content into benign remarks or events,
persistently bears grudges,
perceives attacks on their character and quickly reacts with anger or counterattacks,
is persistently suspicious about the fidelity of their spouse or sexual partner without justification
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Pattern of detachment from interpersonal relationships and restricted range of emotional expression. Needs at least 4: doesn’t desire or enjoy close relationships, almost always choses solitary activities, has little interest in sexual relationships, takes pleasure in few activities, lacks close friends other than first-degree relatives, seems indifferent to praise or criticism, exhibits emotional coldness or detachment (cold and withdrawn)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial: Pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that has occurred since age 15, needs at least 3:
failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behavior,
deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability and aggressiveness,
reckless disregard for the safety of self and others,
consistent irresponsibility,
lack of remorse.
Must be 18 or older and have hx of conduct do before 15
Usually also have inflated sense of self, a lack of empathy for others, and superficial charm
(‘sociopath’)
Borderline Personality Disorder
Pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, and marked impulsivity that began by early adulthood and is apparent in multiple contexts. Needs 5:
frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment,
pattern of unstable, intense interpersonal relationships that are marked by fluctuations between idealization and devaluation,
an identity disturbance involving a persistent instability of self-image or sense of self,
impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (sex, substance use, spending),
recurrent suicide threats or gestures, affect instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, inappropriate intense anger or difficulty controlling anger, transient stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative sx
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Assumptions; acceptance of the client is necessary for change to occur
It utilizes three basic strategies: 1. group skills training to help clients regulate their emotions and improve their social and coping skills, 2. individual outpatient therapy to strengthen clients’ motivation and newly-acquired skills, 3. telephone consultations to provide additional support and between-sessions ‘coaching’
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Pattern of emotionality and attention-seeking. Needs 5:
discomfort when not the center of attention,
inappropriately sexually seductive or provocative,
rapidly shifting and shallow emotions,
consistent use of physical appearance to gain attention,
excessively impressionistic speech that is lacking in detail,
exaggerated expression of emotion,
easily influenced by others,
considers relationships to be more intimate than they are
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy, needs 5:
has a grandiose sense of self-importance,
is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, beauty or love,
believes they are unique and can only be understood by other high-status people,
requires excessive admiration,
has a sense of entitlement,
is interpersonally exploitative,
lacks empathy,
is often envious of others or believes others are envious of them,
exhibits arrogant behaviors and attitudes,
Begins in early adulthood
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, needs 4:
avoids work activities involving interpersonal contact due to fear of criticism, rejection or disapproval,
is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked,
exhibits restraint in intimate relationships due to fear of being ridiculed,
is preoccupied with concerns about being criticized or rejected,
is inhibited in new relationships due to feelings of inadequacy,
views self as socially inept, inferior, or unappealing to others,
is usually reluctant to engage in new activities because they may be embarrassing
(anxious and avoids others)
Dependent Personality Disorder
Display a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive, clinging behavior and a fear of separation. Need 5:
has difficulty making decisions without advice and reassurance from others,
needs others to assume responsibility for most aspects of their life,
fears disagreeing with others because it might lead to a loss of support,
has difficulty initiating projects on their own,
goes to great lengths to gain nurturance and support from others,
feels helpless or uncomfortable when alone,
urgently seeks another relationship for support when a close relationship ends,
is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to care for themselves.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Persistent preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control that severely limits their flexibility, openness, and efficiency. Needs 4:
is preoccupied with details, rules, etc., so that the major point of the activity is lost, exhibits perfectionism that interferes with task completion, is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships,
is overconscientious and inflexible about morality, ethics, and values,
is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects,
is reluctant to delegate work to others unless they are willing to do it their way,
adopts a miserly spending style toward self and others,
exhibits rigidity and stubbornness,
does NOT involve true obsessions and compulsions (otherwise is OCD)
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Pervasive social and interpersonal deficits involving severe discomfort with and reduced compact for close relationships and eccentricities in cognition, perception, and behavior. Needs at least 5:
exhibits ideas of reference,
has odd beliefs or magical thinking that influence behavior,
has body illusions and other unusual perceptions,
exhibits odd thinking and speech,
is suspicious or has paranoid ideations,
has inappropriate or constricted affect,
has peculariarites in behavior and appearance,
lacks close friends or confidents other than first-degree relatives,
has excessive social anxiety.
May express desire for close, personal contact, but have few friends and seem to prefer being alone. (odd and anxious, Rowan)
