NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS

Question 1

What makes neurocognitive disorders different from other disorders?

Answer 1

Its biological basis is much clearer

Question 2

What are the 3 groups of Neurocognitive Disorders?

Answer 2

1. Delirium
2. Minor neurocognitive disorders
3. Dimentia

Question 3

Why is mild neurocognitive disorder added to DSM - 5?

Answer 3

it identify clients who will eventually develop a DIMENTIA

Question 4

This disorder has RAPID ONSET and SHORT DURATION

Answer 4

DELIRIUM

Question 5

What is the duration of Delirium?

Answer 5

3 - 7 days

Question 6

What happens to a patient with delirium?

Answer 6

they are disoriented to time and place

they have a trouble focusing attention

easily distracted

Question 7

What kind of distortion does patient with delirium experience?

Answer 7

Perceptual Distortions

-Hallucinations and Illusions

Question 8

Why does delirium requires prompt medical treatment?

Answer 8

if left untreated, patient might experience brain damage and die

Question 9

What is the first thing to examine when a patient is experiencing delirium?

Answer 9

MEDICATIONS

Question 10

What can cause medication induced delirium?

Answer 10

DO

Drug interaction

low protein levels

liver and kidney dysfunction

Question 11

What kind of medical illness can precipitate delirium

Answer 11

Infection

Metabollic Disorders

Hepatic Failure

Brain Tumor

Question 12

what is the key treatment for delirium?

Answer 12

Diagnose + Treat underlying medical disorders

Question 13

The risk for self harm in patient with delirium is high. How should you keep the patient’s bed?

Answer 13

keep bed in Low position

Assign them near nurse station

assist with ambulation

remove fall hazards

Question 14

How should you monitor a client who wanders?

Answer 14

Walk with them a short distance and gently redirect the

Question 15

What is one of the MOST IMPORTANT intervention you should do for a patient experiencing DELIRIUM?

Answer 15

adequate LIGHTING

–> have clients wear their eye glasses and hearing aids

Question 16

How do you create a calm environment for patient with delirium?

Answer 16

eliminate unnecessary environmental noise

Question 17

How do you help patient avoid ILLUSSIONS?

Answer 17

remove or cover objects that startle or cause illusion

Question 18

Should you introduce yourself everytime for a patient with delirium?

Answer 18

YES

—> explain to them what you are doing and APPROACH them FROM THE FRONT

Question 19

Why should you assign consistent caregiver to a patient with delirium?

Answer 19

It helps minimize confusion

Question 20

How do you communicate clearly to patient with delirium?

Answer 20

use simple words

speak slowly

use hand gestures

-ask one question at a time

Question 21

What is the most common characteristic of Dimentia?

Answer 21

Memory Loss

Question 22

What kind of changes patients with Dimentia exhibit?

Answer 22

-language is impaired

-personality changes

-act inapropriately

Question 23

Describe what happens during the EARLY vs LATE stages of Dimentia

Answer 23

EARLY
-lose the ability to perform task
(maintaining home, finance, shopping)

LATE
-they cannot perform basic self care tasks
-lose gross motor coordination
-they become chair/bed bounds
-lose the ability to eat and protect airways

Question 24

This form of dementia is caused by damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain

Answer 24

FrontoTemporal Lobe Dementia (PICK’s DISEASE)

Question 25

What kind of disease occurs when patient experience a significant decline in

-executive function

-language comprehension

-inappropriate speech and behavior

Answer 25

Pick’s Disease

Question 26

This is an inherited disease that has an earlier age of onset (30-50)

Answer 26

Huntington’s Disease

Question 27

This disease initially presents an incoordination, and involuntary jerk movements of the extremities

Answer 27

Huntington’s Disease

Question 28

This disease occurs when clients decline to a state of profound cognitive impairment and ataxia

Answer 28

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

Question 29

This is similar to alzheimer’s disease, but it progress more rapidly

Answer 29

Lewy Body Dementia

Question 30

What are the 2 common things that can be seen for patients with Lewy Body Dementia?

Answer 30

Visual hallucination
Parkinson’s Symptoms

Question 31

What is the second most common form of dimentia?

Answer 31

Vascular Dimentia

Question 32

The risk for self harm for patient with dementia is high. How do you keep the patient safety?

Answer 32

-bed in low position

-assign their rooms near nursing station

-assist with ambulation

-remove fall hazards

Question 33

Where should you refer the family members taking care of a patient with Dimentia?

Answer 33

Respite Care

Question 34

Is it therapeutic to reorient client with advanced DEMENTIA?

Answer 34

No, if a client is looking for their decease spouse, just redirect them and engage them in conversation

ex: talk to the client about activities they enjoy with their partner

Question 35

What kind of therapy should patient with dementia utilize?

Answer 35

Reminiscence Therapy (discussion of past events using tangible objects such as picture)