NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS Flashcards
What makes neurocognitive disorders different from other disorders?
Its biological basis is much clearer
What are the 3 groups of Neurocognitive Disorders?
- Delirium
- Minor neurocognitive disorders
- Dimentia
Why is mild neurocognitive disorder added to DSM - 5?
it identify clients who will eventually develop a DIMENTIA
This disorder has RAPID ONSET and SHORT DURATION
DELIRIUM
What is the duration of Delirium?
3 - 7 days
What happens to a patient with delirium?
they are disoriented to time and place
they have a trouble focusing attention
easily distracted
What kind of distortion does patient with delirium experience?
Perceptual Distortions
-Hallucinations and Illusions
Why does delirium requires prompt medical treatment?
if left untreated, patient might experience brain damage and die
What is the first thing to examine when a patient is experiencing delirium?
MEDICATIONS
What can cause medication induced delirium?
DO
Drug interaction
low protein levels
liver and kidney dysfunction
What kind of medical illness can precipitate delirium
Infection
Metabollic Disorders
Hepatic Failure
Brain Tumor
what is the key treatment for delirium?
Diagnose + Treat underlying medical disorders
The risk for self harm in patient with delirium is high. How should you keep the patient’s bed?
keep bed in Low position
Assign them near nurse station
assist with ambulation
remove fall hazards
How should you monitor a client who wanders?
Walk with them a short distance and gently redirect the
What is one of the MOST IMPORTANT intervention you should do for a patient experiencing DELIRIUM?
adequate LIGHTING
–> have clients wear their eye glasses and hearing aids
How do you create a calm environment for patient with delirium?
eliminate unnecessary environmental noise
How do you help patient avoid ILLUSSIONS?
remove or cover objects that startle or cause illusion
Should you introduce yourself everytime for a patient with delirium?
YES
—> explain to them what you are doing and APPROACH them FROM THE FRONT
Why should you assign consistent caregiver to a patient with delirium?
It helps minimize confusion
How do you communicate clearly to patient with delirium?
use simple words
speak slowly
use hand gestures
-ask one question at a time
What is the most common characteristic of Dimentia?
Memory Loss
What kind of changes patients with Dimentia exhibit?
-language is impaired
-personality changes
-act inapropriately
Describe what happens during the EARLY vs LATE stages of Dimentia
EARLY
-lose the ability to perform task
(maintaining home, finance, shopping)
LATE
-they cannot perform basic self care tasks
-lose gross motor coordination
-they become chair/bed bounds
-lose the ability to eat and protect airways
This form of dementia is caused by damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain
FrontoTemporal Lobe Dementia (PICK’s DISEASE)
