Neurobiology_of_Schizophrenia_Flashcards
Clinical features of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia symptoms are categorized into positive (e.g., hallucinations, delusions), negative (e.g., diminished emotional expression, avolition), and cognitive deficits. Positive refers to symptoms that are in access compared to normal function, negative refers to symptoms that are lacking compared to normal function.
Methods for neurobiological investigation in schizophrenia
Methods include PET scans to assess dopamine synthesis and release, measuring L-DOPA levels, and evaluating neurotransmitter disturbances such as dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate.
Neurobiological aberrations in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia involves disturbances in several neurotransmitters: increased dopamine in subcortical areas can lead to positive symptoms, while decreased in frontal areas leads to negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Glutamatergic hyperactivity and GABAergic disturbances are also implicated.
Implications for antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia
Antipsychotics primarily block D2 dopamine receptors, affecting symptoms differently. First-generation antipsychotics may induce Parkinson-like symptoms, while second-generation antipsychotics are associated with weight gain and may impact white and grey matter.
