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MENTAL HEALTH > NEUROBIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

NEUROBIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Largest structure of brain, Left controls right body, speech, language processing/comprehension, & logical reasoning. Right controls left side body, spatial tasks (identifying object by touch) or no visual sense.

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

Higher thought
Language
Human consciousness
Ability to think, reason, & imagine

A

Cerebral cortex

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3
Q

Link cerebral cortex and basal ganglia to rest of body’s nervous system

A

Gray matter & white matter

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4
Q

Composed of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and glial cells.
Regulates movement & sensory function

A

Gray matter

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5
Q

Consist of myelinated axons of neurons
Send information to the body
Corpus collosum- connects white/gray matter.
Area of sensorimotor information exchange between the two hemispheres

A

White matter

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6
Q

Personality, behavior, emotions
Judgment, planning, problem solving, & decision making
Language/speaking & writing
Voluntary movement (motor strip)

A

Frontal lobe

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7
Q 
Damage to this lobe causes decrease in:
Executive function
Attention
Impulse control
Socialization
Emotional regulation
A

Frontal lobe

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8
Q

Person can still read & understand spoken language, but has difficulty in speaking & writing

A

Brocas aphasia

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9
Q 
Somatosensory cortex
Processing in for about:
Temperature
Touch
Pain
Movement
Taste
A

Parietal lobe

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10
Q

Damage to this lobe can result in “gerstmanns syndrome” including:
Right-left confusion
Difficulty writing (agraphia)
Difficulty with math (acalculia)
Can also produce language disorders (aphasia) & inability to perceive objects normally (agnosia)

A

Parietal lobe

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11
Q

Primary auditory area
Process memories (hippocampus) integrating them with taste, sound, sight, & touch
Understanding language

A

Temporal lobe

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12
Q

Individual may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words/made up
Difficulty understanding speech/unaware of mistakes.

A

Wernickes aphasia

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13
Q

Damage to this lobe may result in:
Visual or auditory hallucinations
Amnesia

A

Temporal lobe

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14
Q

Primarily responsible for vision
Interpret visual stimuli & information
(color, light, movement)

A

Occipital lobe

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15
Q

Damage to this lobe may result in:
Visual field deficits
Blindness
Visual hallucinations

A

Occipital lobe

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16
Q

Structures of the limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Thalamus

17
Q 
Center for:
Emotional responsiveness
Memory formation & integration
Motivation
Olfaction
Safety
A

Limbic system

18
Q

Makes new memories and converts short-term memory into long-term memory.
Chronic stress=shrinkage of this and gray matter

Vulnerable to depression, addiction, stress-related disorders

A

Hippocampus

19
Q

Major role in processing fear, anxiety, aggression, and mediating mood.
Responsible for connecting smell & emotions

Hyperactivity: common in trauma & may underlie paranoia/schizophrenia

Hypoactivity: predicts capacity to respond to antidepressants

A

Amygdala

20
Q

Major role in motor responses via extapyramidal motor system

Relies on dopamine to maintain muscle tone & motor stability

A

Basal ganglia

21
Q

Filters sensory information before it reaches cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

22
Q

Maintains homeostasis
Sends instructions to autonomic nervous system
(sympathetic/parasympathetic)

Regulates BP, temperature, perspiration, libido, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms: sleep/wakefulness

A

Hypothalamus

23
Q

Prepares body for physical/mental activity

flight/fight

A

Sympathetic nervous system

24
Q

Responsible for bodily functions at rest

Promotes relaxation

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

25
Q 
Consists of:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum

Reticular formation: primitive brain
Regulates involuntary movement, reflex, muscle tone, vital sign cobtrol

A

The Brainstem

26
Q

Dopamine synthesis

A

Midbrain

27
Q

Norepinephrine synthesis

A

Pons

28
Q

Controls the centers that regulate internal body function.

A

Medulla oblongata

29
Q

Responsible for maintaining equilibrium
Gross movement control center (balance, posture, coordination, and gait)

Problems in this area can lead to ataxia
(uncoordinated/innacurate movements)

Romberg test

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

Series of x-ray images of brain
Produces “slices”
Providing 3D-like reconstruction of each sepgment

Detect lesions, abrasions, infarct, aneurysm
*iodine/contrast dye

A

CT (computed tomography)

31
Q

Uses magnetic field & radio waves to produce cross-sectional images
Relies on magnetic properties to see images of blood flow in brain as it occurs (avoids exposure to radioactive isotypes)

Can detect edema, ischemia, infection, neoplasm, trauma, detects blood flow to functionally active brain regions.

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

MENTAL HEALTH (3 decks)

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