Neurobiology of mind Flashcards
What are the basic units of information transmission in the brain?
Neurons are the basic units of information transmission in the brain
How do neurons communicate with each other?
Neurons communicate with each other through synapses, which are the gaps between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
What role does the thalamus play in brain communication?
The thalamus acts as a relay station, distributing information from the sensory organs to the appropriate areas of the cortex.
How does the amygdala influence our emotional responses?
The amygdala is involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety, and can trigger the “fight or flight” response.
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in decision-making?
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions, such as decision-making, planning, and impulse control.
How can past experiences shape our emotional responses?
Past experiences can lead to associative learning, where certain stimuli become linked to emotional responses through repeated exposure.
What is the impact of chronic stress on the brain?
Chronic stress can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, such as shrinkage of the hippocampus and hyperactivity of the amygdala.
How does cognitive reappraisal help regulate emotional responses?
Cognitive reappraisal involves reinterpreting a situation in a more positive or neutral light, which can help reduce amygdala activity and emotional reactivity.
What is synaptic plasticity?
Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to changes in activity or experience.
How does Hebb’s principle relate to synaptic plasticity?
Hebb’s principle states that “neurons that fire together, wire together,” meaning that when two neurons are repeatedly active at the same time, the connection between them strengthens.
What happens to the number of neurotransmitter receptors during synaptic plasticity?
During synaptic plasticity, the number of neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic neuron can increase or decrease, affecting the strength of the synaptic connection.
How is synaptic plasticity similar to machine learning?
Synaptic plasticity and machine learning both involve adjusting connection strengths based on experience or training to optimize performance and adapt to new information.
What is the gut-brain axis, and how does it influence mental health?
The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, which can influence mood, behavior, and mental health.
How can exercise and meditation affect brain structure and function?
Exercise and meditation can lead to positive changes in brain structure and function, such as increased hippocampal volume and reduced amygdala activity.
What is the default mode network (DMN), and how is it related to mental health?
The DMN is a network of brain regions active during self-referential thought and rumination. Excessive DMN activity is associated with depression and anxiety.
