neurobiology of mental health Flashcards
what are ‘stress’ risk factors of schizophrenia?
- hypoxia in utero
- perinatal injury or trauma
- migration
- canabi use
what are genetic predisposing factors of schizophrenia?
- COMT
- dysbindin 1
- NRG1
- they are polygenic and have partial penetrance
what are positive sx of schizophrenia?
Voices,
delusions
thought insertion/withdraal/broadcast
what are negative sx of schizophrenia?
Neglect,
isolation,
lack of emotional expression
avolition
what are cognitive sx of schizophrenia?
Reduced concentration and attention
reduced executive functioning (ability to plan complex tasks)
what is the precursor to dopamine?
tyrosine
what typeof receptor is the dopamine receptor?
g coupled
what does dopamine do?
Executive functions Motor control Motivation Reward Lactation- inhibits prolactin so stops lactation Nausea
which ares of the brain is dopamine evolved in?
- mesolimbic
- nigrostraital
- mesocortical
- tuberoinfundibulnar
what happens to the dopamine pathways in schizophrenia?
- too much dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway responsible for the positive sx
- too little dopamine in the mesocortical pathway- responsible for the negative sx
what sx are typical antipsychotics good at addressing?
Typical antipsychotics are D2 receptor antagonists.
This means they block the effect of dopamine at the level of the synapse.
Therefore most effective at addressing +ve symptoms
what is the effect of typicalantipsychotics on the tuberinfundibulary pathway?
Dopamine has inhibitory effect on prolactin release.
Reduced dopamine by D2 antipsychotics therefore causes
Hyperprolactinaemia
what are the effects of atypical antipsychotics?
5HT2 antagonists
- clozapine
- quitiepine
- respiridone
- olanzapine
what are neuroanatomical changes that occur in schizophrenia?
- enlarged ventricles
- reduced grey matter volume
- decreased gyrification
- loss of symmetry of planum temporale- associated with auditory processing
what are some organic causes of schizophrenia?
- NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis
- temporal lobe epilepsy
- huntingtons
- Wilson disease
- Parkinson’s disease