neurobiology of cognitive fx 1 Flashcards
two major components of cognitive function
- frequency of firing
2. pattern of firing
frequency of firing associated with
cell membranes and actual stability of nerves
What is used to measure cognitive function
Changes in motor control… EG posture, arm swing, eye movements
changes in cognition can be hard to fix because
person doesn’t know they have an issue
Patterning can also apply therapeutically because
one exercise used prior can effect the effectiveness of the subsequent exercise
behavior is based purely on
survivability based on how you perceive the world around you.
idiotypic primary cortices
easy to pinpoint with neuro tests due to structure
sensory info goes to
basal ganglia then thalamus
reticular nucleus of the thalamus
inhibits sensory information to the brain to prevent sensory overload
damaged brain
lose ability to inhibit sensory stimuli, thoughts, light, sound become overwhelming
common behavior in damaged brain
avoidance: of activities that were previously enjoyable, too much sensory input
homotypic association cortices
comprised of parietal insular cortex
parietal insular cortex is associated with _____ and tested by seeing if patient ______ towards a sound this is a _____ response
sound
orients
vestibular
parietal insular cortex feeds directly into the ______ system
Limbic
associated with behavior based on emotionality
limbic sytem
inhibits limbic system
frontal lobe
stimulates limbic system
temporal lobe
temporal lobe overactive
hypersexuality, religion, generally unbalanced person
smell stimulates the
ipsilateral frontal cortex, hence effecting the frontal eye fields saccadic velocities, persuits
__% of sight comes from the light hitting the retina
20%
80% of vision comes from
backward masking of occipital lobe on the lateral geniculus (ipsilaterally)
causes of association areas
vascular
stroke
White matter disease/demylination
superior longitudinal fasciculis
perceive where you are in the world by incorporating vision, and motor controls and position sense
premotor areas are essential for what types of movements?
that require planning/ complex movements
superior longitudinal fasciculis
incorporated the prefrontal with the parietal cortex(allows it to integrate so much)
parietal damage usually results in
speech, language issues, break down in coordinated movements
cingulate gyrus
associated with behavoir, part of the superior longitudinal fasciculis that has to do with gore and person’s response (kink vs disgusted)
inferior longitudinal fasciculis
connects temporal lobe with occipital
vision and memory
uncinate fasciculis part of inferior longitudinal fasciculis that connects the
hippocampus and amygdala
damage to the uncinate fascicles
social anxiety, alzheimers, depression, bipolar
left is more connected to right
uncinate fascicles
poor development of uncinate fasciculis
schitzophrenia
corpus callous is used to
inhibit one side of the brain to allow the other to dominate
think general and broad based
right brain
specific/minute
left brain
touch two fingers ask how many fingers are in between and which fingers they are, then have person move those fingers on the opposite hand.
parietal cortex is being able to identify how many fingers and which fingers
corpus callous is being able to move fingers on opposite hand
ADHD is usually a problem with which side
right
left brain usually attention to
self/egocentric
won’t shut up about their own symptoms
right brain
pays attention to others
very broad/unspecific about their own sysmptom
genu of corpus callosum
timing exercises such as metronome
musicians have a large genu
integrate the cerebellum in metronome exercises
add complex movements to timing exercises
right brain can rehabbed by
global movements
left brain responds more to
minute movements
dyslexia usually has smaller _____
corpus callosum
how to approach dyslexia
identify hemisphericity and then rehab corpus callous appropriately
problem with video games
too much cerebral stimulation without much cerebellar input or lower sensory fibers being integrated
anterior commission
transfers smells and pain
essential oils can affect pain
anterior commissure connects ____and _____ to the opposite ones
amygdala
temporal lobes
who has the largest anterior commissure?
GAY men
Straight women
Straight men
connects pretectal nuclei
posterior commissure
pretectal nuclei
consensual light reflex
also called hippocampal commissure
posterior commissure
if near response is greater than light response equals
pretectal lesion
consensual response greater than direct response
optic nerve lesion prior to commissure
limb weakness arm/face
contralateral frontal lobe distal to middle cerebral artery
limb weakness to leg
contralateral frontal lobe promixal/anterior cerebral artery
decreased arm swing with increased tone
contralateral brain
decreased arm swing with decreased tone
pyramidal issue
cortical spinal tracts have damage what happens
increased tone/spasm, due to the fact that majority of motor neurons are inhibitory
inhibitory cells of cortical spinal tracts
crenshaw cells
crenshaw cells get input from
frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
ipsilateral cerebellar issue can cause
increase tone on that side
