neurobiology of addiction

Question 1

reduction in the effects of a drug by repeated use

Answer 1

tolerance

Question 2

a pattern of drug use that produces recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to repeated use of the drug

Answer 2

drug abuse

Question 3

drug addiction a true dx.?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

may provide a neuroadaptive mechanism to long-term use of drugs

Answer 4

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 5

Generalized memory processes play a role in long-term substance abuse involving drug craving?

Answer 5

possibly

Question 6

drug reward origin in the common reward pathway is

Answer 6

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 7

Almost all abused substances and self-stimulation of the MFB release ________ in the nucleus accumbens

Answer 7

dopamine

Question 8

withdrawal from substance abuse induces an aversive state linked to what?

Answer 8

decreased release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

Question 9

Nicotinic ACh receptors are multisubunit structures that (1) form ligand-gated ion channel gating ____ (2) allow selective permeation of _____

Are these receptors dominantly pre-synaptic or post-synaptic?

Answer 9

(1) form ligand-gated ion channel gating NA+
(2) allow selective permeation of Ca2+

Dominantly presynaptic

Question 10

target for drug reward of cocaine?

Answer 10

dopamine plasma membrane transporter (DAT)

Question 11

reuptake of blockade of dopamine by cocaine correlates with the ability of the drug to mediate

Answer 11

behavioral reward

Question 12

transgenic DAT mice the same as DAT knockouts?

Answer 12

Nope!

Cocaine reward is intact in DAT knockouts, possibly because of reuptake blockade of dopamine at the NEPI and the 5-HT plasma membrane transporters

Question 13

target for drug reward using amphetamine and also amphetamine partially blocks

Answer 13

vesicular monoamine storage

blocks DAT reuptake

Question 14

ATP-dependent and linked to a vesicular proton pump

Answer 14

VMAT2- neuronal vesicular monoamine trsnporter

Question 15

amphetamine competes with endogenous catecholamines for binding free protons in the vesicle what happens to the displaced catecholamines?

Answer 15

they will leak out via reverse DAT transport

Question 16

molecular targets for drug reward with using opioids

Answer 16

the mu opioid receptor that is considered a G-protein linked receptor

Question 17

what other drugs act on the same receptor as opioids?

Answer 17

methadone and heroin

Question 18

target for drug reward cannabinoids?

Answer 18

CB1- in CNS

CB2- in periphery

G-protein linked

Question 19

endogenous ligand for cannabinoids

Answer 19

anandamide

Question 20

targets for drug reward barbiturates-benzodiazepines

and also block

Answer 20

agonists to GABA-gated chloride channels

blocks AMPA glutamate receptors

Question 21

barbituates are involved in the modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission feeding back from the accumbes to

Answer 21

VTA

Question 22

blocks the NMDA class of glutamate-gated ion channels and the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors

Answer 22

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Question 23

is a partial agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor in the CNS, and binds almost all monoaminergic receptors.

Answer 23

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Question 24

target for drug reward ethanol

Answer 24

• disinhibits dopamine neurons in VTA
• positive modulator fo GABA receptors
• negative modulator of NMDA receptors

Question 25

Ethanol Withdrawal:
- Downregulates GABAA receptors

• Upregulates NMDA receptors
• Increased neuronal excitability during acute withdrawal
• Decreased dopamine release

Answer 25

• ____________ GABAA receptors
• Upregulates NMDA receptors
• Increased neuronal excitability during acute withdrawal
• Decreased dopamine release