NeuroAnatomy_Unit3_Lec1

Question 1

3 divisions of the PNS

Answer 1

3 functional divisions:

1. ) Somatic Nervous System (31 pairs of spinal nerves)
2. ) Autonomic Nervous System (12 pairs of cranial nerves) (Sympathetic/Parasympathetic)
3. ) Enteric Nervous system

Question 2

spinal nerves exit

Answer 2

intervertebral foramina

Question 3

spinal cord length

Answer 3

from the base of the skull (foramen magnum) to the superior border of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

During early development the spinal cord is the entire length of the vertebral column, but the spinal cord grows more slowly than the vertebral column, so it ends up shorter.

Question 4

conus medullaris

Answer 4

terminal end of the spinal cord (at the 2nd lumber vertebra)

Question 5

filum terminale

Answer 5

extension of meninges that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

Question 6

cadua equina

Answer 6

bundle of spinal nerves after the conus medullaris

Question 7

3 meninges

Answer 7

1. ) Pia mater-inside
2. ) Arachnoid- middle
3. ) Dura mater-outside

Question 8

Dorsal horn

Answer 8

contains sensory neurons that receive input from the periphery

Question 9

Ventral horn

Answer 9

contains motor neurons that innervate specific muscles

Question 10

myotome

Answer 10

muscles innervated by the anterior roots of one pair of spinal nerves

Question 11

Ventral/ Anterior Root

Answer 11

contains the axons of the motor neurons

Question 12

Dorsal/ Posterior Root

Answer 12

contains the processes of the sensory neurons, the cell bodies of which are found in the dorsal root ganglion.

Question 13

Dermatome

Answer 13

Area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS

there are only 30 dermatomes even though there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves because C1 has no cutaneous terminus

Question 14

Number of Vertebrae

Answer 14

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacral
4 fused coccyx

Question 15

number of cervical nerves

Answer 15

8 (because there is one above the C1 and one below C7)

Question 16

Dorsal/Posterior Ramus

Answer 16

contains motor and sensory nerves for the posterior surface of the trunk and neck

Question 17

Ventral/Anterior Ramus

Answer 17

contains motor and sensory nerves for the lateral and anterior surface of the trunk and the extremities

Question 18

Intercostal/ thoracic nerves

Answer 18

The anterior rami of T2-T12 travel in the intercostal spaces and directly connect to the structures they supply.

Question 19

anterior ramus of nerve T2

Answer 19

innervates the intercostal muscles, the skin of the axilla and posteromedial aspect of the arm.

Question 20

anterior rami of nerves T3-T6

Answer 20

innervates the intercostal muscles, and skin of the anterior and lateral chest wall

Question 21

anterior rami of nerves T7-T12

Answer 21

supply the intercostal and abdominal muscles as well as the overlying skin.

Question 22

Plexus

Answer 22

Network of axons from the anterior rami of the cervical, lumbar, and sacral levels that redistribute instead of directly going into the body structures that they supply.

Question 23

Cervical plexus

Answer 23

anterior rami of nerves C1-C5 form the cervical plexus which supplies the skin and muscles of the head neck and superior part of the shoulders.

Question 24

Brachial plexus

Answer 24

formed from anterior rami of C5-T1, supplies shoulders and upper limbs

Question 25

Lumbar plexus

Answer 25

formed from anterior rami of L1-L4, supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genital, and part of the lower limbs.

Question 26

Sacral Plexus

Answer 26

formed from the anterior rami of L1-L4 & S1-S4, supplies the buttocks, perineum and lower limbs

Question 27

Coccygeal Plexus

Answer 27

formed from the anterior rami of S4-S5 and the coccygeal nerve, supplies a small area of skin in the coccygeal region.

Question 28

Radiculopathy

Answer 28

compressed spinal nerve roots

Question 29

Symptoms of Sensory Radiculopathy

Answer 29

Sensory loss/deficit (pain, tingling,
numbness) in the dermatomal distribution
of the affected root

Question 30

Symptoms of Motor Radiculopathy

Answer 30

Motor function loss / deficit (weakness, paralysis) in the

myotomal distribution of the affected root

Question 31

Plexopathy

Answer 31

A disorder affecting a network of nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels. The region of nerves it affects are at the brachial or lumbosacral plexus. Symptoms include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits