Neuroanatomy_1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for higher cognitive functions, planning, decision-making, and regulating social behavior.

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2
Q

Functions of the Parietal Lobe

A

Processes somatic sensory information, including touch, temperature, and pain.

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3
Q

Functions of the Temporal Lobe

A

Involved in auditory processing, memory, and integrating sensory input with emotional valence.

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4
Q

Functions of the Occipital Lobe

A

Primary visual processing center of the brain.

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5
Q

Functions of the Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movements, posture, balance, and speech.

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6
Q

Role of the Corpus Callosum

A

Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication.

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7
Q

Functions of the Brainstem

A

Controls basic life functions such as heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating.

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8
Q

Components of the Limbic System

A

Includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, involved in emotions, memory, and arousal.

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9
Q

Function of the Thalamus

A

Relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.

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10
Q

Function of the Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.

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11
Q

Function of the Amygdala

A

Involved in emotion processing, especially fear and pleasure.

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12
Q

Role of the Hippocampus

A

Critical for the formation of new memories and associated with learning and emotions.

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13
Q

Functions of the Basal Ganglia

A

Regulates voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and emotional expression.

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14
Q

Functions of the Midbrain

A

Involved in vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, and temperature regulation.

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15
Q

Structure of the Cerebral Cortex

A

Composed of the neocortex and six distinct layers, involved in higher brain functions.

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16
Q

Sagittal Plane in Neuroanatomy

A

Divides the brain into right and left halves.

17
Q

Coronal Plane in Neuroanatomy

A

Divides the brain into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

18
Q

Axial Plane in Neuroanatomy

A

Divides the brain into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

19
Q

Structure of a Synapse

A

The junction between two neurons, consisting of a presynaptic ending, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic ending.

20
Q

Role of Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

21
Q

Function of Glial Cells

A

Support neurons in the brain, provide insulation, nutrients, and help with signal transmission.

22
Q

Function of the Myelin Sheath

A

Insulates nerve fibers to increase the speed at which information travels through the nervous system.

23
Q

What is an Action Potential?

A

A rapid rise and subsequent fall in voltage or membrane potential across a cellular membrane.

24
Q

Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier

A

Protects the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain.

25
Components of the Ventricular System
Consists of four interconnected ventricles that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
26
Composition of Grey Matter
Contains most of the brain's neuronal cell bodies, involved in muscle control and sensory perception.
27
Composition of White Matter
Made of axons connecting different parts of grey matter to each other.
28
Concept of Neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
29
Components of the Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates involuntary body functions and consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.