Neuroanatomy_1

Question 1

Functions of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

Responsible for higher cognitive functions, planning, decision-making, and regulating social behavior.

Question 2

Functions of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 2

Processes somatic sensory information, including touch, temperature, and pain.

Question 3

Functions of the Temporal Lobe

Answer 3

Involved in auditory processing, memory, and integrating sensory input with emotional valence.

Question 4

Functions of the Occipital Lobe

Answer 4

Primary visual processing center of the brain.

Question 5

Functions of the Cerebellum

Answer 5

Coordinates voluntary movements, posture, balance, and speech.

Question 6

Role of the Corpus Callosum

Answer 6

Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication.

Question 7

Functions of the Brainstem

Answer 7

Controls basic life functions such as heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating.

Question 8

Components of the Limbic System

Answer 8

Includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, involved in emotions, memory, and arousal.

Question 9

Function of the Thalamus

Answer 9

Relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.

Question 10

Function of the Hypothalamus

Answer 10

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.

Question 11

Function of the Amygdala

Answer 11

Involved in emotion processing, especially fear and pleasure.

Question 12

Role of the Hippocampus

Answer 12

Critical for the formation of new memories and associated with learning and emotions.

Question 13

Functions of the Basal Ganglia

Answer 13

Regulates voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and emotional expression.

Question 14

Functions of the Midbrain

Answer 14

Involved in vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, and temperature regulation.

Question 15

Structure of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 15

Composed of the neocortex and six distinct layers, involved in higher brain functions.

Question 16

Sagittal Plane in Neuroanatomy

Answer 16

Divides the brain into right and left halves.

Question 17

Coronal Plane in Neuroanatomy

Answer 17

Divides the brain into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

Question 18

Axial Plane in Neuroanatomy

Answer 18

Divides the brain into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

Question 19

Structure of a Synapse

Answer 19

The junction between two neurons, consisting of a presynaptic ending, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic ending.

Question 20

Role of Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Question 21

Function of Glial Cells

Answer 21

Support neurons in the brain, provide insulation, nutrients, and help with signal transmission.

Question 22

Function of the Myelin Sheath

Answer 22

Insulates nerve fibers to increase the speed at which information travels through the nervous system.

Question 23

What is an Action Potential?

Answer 23

A rapid rise and subsequent fall in voltage or membrane potential across a cellular membrane.

Question 24

Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 24

Protects the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain.

Question 25

Components of the Ventricular System

Answer 25

Consists of four interconnected ventricles that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 26

Composition of Grey Matter

Answer 26

Contains most of the brain’s neuronal cell bodies, involved in muscle control and sensory perception.

Question 27

Composition of White Matter

Answer 27

Made of axons connecting different parts of grey matter to each other.

Question 28

Concept of Neuroplasticity

Answer 28

The brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Question 29

Components of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 29

Regulates involuntary body functions and consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.