Neuroanatomy & Physiology - Lecture 1 Flashcards
How do afferent nerves conduct impulses?
TOWARDS the CNS (e.g. sensory)
How do efferent nerves conduct impulses?
AWAY from CNS (e.g. motor)
What are the 4 neuroglia of the CNS?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
What do astrocytes form?
form the “blood brain barrier”
In the blood brain barrier, what do astrocytes allow passage of?
Allows passage of small lipophilic molecules
EtOH, heroin, scopolamine
In the blood brain barrier, what do astrocytes prevent passage of?
Prevents passage of large/charged molecules
dopamine, glycopyrrolate
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Produce the myelin sheath around the axons in the CNS
What are microglia?
Brain macrophages
What do ependymal cells do?
Produce CSF
What is the neuroglia of the PNS
Schwann Cells
What d Schwann cells produce?
Produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the PNS and create a neurilemma
What does neurilemma allow for?
Allows for potential regeneration of damages axons in the PNS
What are 2 examples of demyelinating diseases?
Multiple Sclerosis and Guillian-Barre
Is multiple sclerosis an example of a demyelinating disease of the CNS or PNS
CNS
Is Gillian-Barre an example of a demyelinating disease of the CNS or PNS
PNS
The thicker the axon, the _____ the conduction velocity
faster
What insulates the axon and increases conduction velocity?
Myelin
What are Nodes of Ranvier?
unmyelinated segments between Schwann Cells
Neurolemma is a continual sheath around the myelin that is essential for what?
peripheral nerve regeneration
Do the brain and spinal cord have neurolemma?
NO
The brain is a very complex structure in terms of both
structure and function
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Movement Thinking Initiation Reasoning (judgement) Behavior (emotion) Memory Speaking
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Knowing right from left
Sensation
Reading
Understanding spacial relationships
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Understanding language
Behavior
Memory
Hearing
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Vision
Color Blindness
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Balance
Coordination
Fine muscle control
What is the brain stem responsible for?
Breathing Blood pressure Heartbeat Swallowing Alertness Sweep Body Temperature Digestion
What is the thalamus a sensory relay station between?
the body and the cerebral cortex
What is the hypothalamus known as?
“Captain of the Autonomic Nervous System”
What does the hypothalamus interface between?
Interface between the pituitary gland (endocrine system) and the CNS
What activities does the hypothalamus regulate?
Regulates body temp, blood pressure, digestive tract motility, rate and depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities.
What segments does the brainstem contain?
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
The brainstem contains the nuclei of what cranial nerves?
CN III - XII
The brainstem controls critical functions such as
breathing, swallowing, HR, BP, consciousness
What does the cerebellum coordinate?
Coordinates skeletal muscle activity and fine motor movement
T/F: the cerebellum maintains equilibrium
TRUE
When learning to ride a bike, throw a curve ball or tie a shoe, cerebellum activity is high or low?
When they become automatic, what happens to the cerebellum?
High
Cerebellum is less involved
