Neuroanatomy Overview Flashcards
What does falx cerebri separate?
hemispheres of cerebrum
What does tentorium cerebelli separate?
cerebrum and cerebellum
Where does falx cerebelli run?
on either side of cerebellum
Telencephalon develops into what adult brain structures?
cerebrum
Diencephalon develops into what adult brain structures?
thalamus, hypothalamis, epithalamus, retina
Mescencephalon develops into what adult brain structures?
brain stem: midbrain
Metencephalon develops into what adult brain structures?
brain stem: pons
Myelencephalon develops into what adult brain structures?
brain stem: medulla oblongata
Telencephalon functions
(cerebral cortex)
-motor, sensory, perception
Diencephalon functions
(thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
-sensory integration, autonomic coordination, homeostasis (temperature, hunger, sleep (pineal gland), hormonal)
Mesencephalon functions
(midbrain: brainstem)
-motor movement, auditory and visual reflexes
Metencephalon
(pons: brainstem)
-relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, sleep
Cerebellum functions
-coordination of motor movements
Myelencephalon functions
(medulla: brainstem)
-respiration and circulation
Spinal cord functions
-connects peripheral nervous system with brain (sensory in, motor out)
Frontal lobe functions
-motor/planning
Parietal lobe functions
-sensory
Temporal lobe functions
-auditory
Occipital lobe functions
-visual
Medulla functions
-respiration and circulation
Olfactory bulb functions
-olfaction
Optic chiasm functions
-decussation of optic nerve/fibers
Optic tract functions
-visual pathway
Piriform cortex functions
-olfactory cortex
Pons functions
-relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control
Tectum functions
(part of midbrain)
-visual (rostral) and auditory (caudal) reflexes
What type of learning is the cerebellum important for?
learning of motor behaviors
What does the cerebellum coordinate?
voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and eye movements
-results in smooth and balanced muscular activity
-regulates movement
Where does the cerebellum receive information from?
sensory systems
-spinal cord and brain
Thalamus functions
relay nucleus, sensory integration and processing
Hypothalamus functions
homeostasis (temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep), autonomic and pituitary coordination
Midbrain functions
motor movement, motivation, auditory and visual reflexes
Pons functions
relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII, chewing/swallowing, sleep
Medulla functions
involuntary, ANS control, respiration, circulation, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion
CSF functions
-cushions the brain: protection and buoyancy
-removes waste: glymphatic system
-regulates and distributes neuroendocrine factors
Subarachnoid cisterns
occur in areas where the arachnoid and pia are more widely separated
-cerebellomedullary cistern
-lumbar cistern
Hippocampus functions
learning and memory
Amygdala functions
fear and emotion
Spinal cord: dorsal horn
sensory
Spinal cord: ventral horn
motor
Spinal cord: lateral horn
primarily thoracic, sympathetic nervous system of ANS
