Neuroanatomy & Neuroplasticity Flashcards
produce, store and circulate CSF
ventricles
3 layers of the brain meninges
pia mater (innermost), arachnoid, dura mater (outermost)
hint: meninges PAD the brain
this layer of the meninges molds around sulci and gyri. what is?
pia mater (innermost, beneath sub-arachnoid space)
subdural space
beneath dura mater, above arachnoid layer
bleed = subdural hematoma
central point for all incoming and outgoing information and basic life functions of brain
Brain stem
3 components of brain stem
medulla, pons, midbrain
control center for involuntary reflexes such as breathing, HR, BP, swallowing, vomiting
medulla (lowermost part of brain stem)
essential for facial movements, facial sensation, hearing, eye movements
pons - connects cerebellum and cerebral cortex
part of brain stem involved in vision, hearing, alertness, and arousal
midbrain
these nuclei modulate arousal, alertness, concentration, biological rhythms
reticular activating system
which sense does NOT pass through diencephalon
smell
all others relay through thalamus
controls autonomic nervous system (temp, hunger, thirst, endocrine, sleep-wake, emotion, behavior)
hypothalamus (diencephalon)
injury to this brain region affects voluntary motor nerves, causing slowness and muscular rigidity
basal ganglia - regulates motor and premotor cortex
controls direction, rate, force, steadiness of movements
cerebellum
result of injury to basal ganglia vs cerebellum
basal ganglia - slowness, loss of movement, muscular rigidity
cerebellum - trouble with fine motor movement, trajectory, balance, proprioception