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Brain & Behaviour > Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is it called when you look at the brain from below?

A

Ventral view

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2
Q

What is it called when you look at the brain from above?

A

Dorsal view

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3
Q

What direction is the frontal part of the brain referred to as?

A

Anterior

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4
Q

What direction is the forebrain referred to as?

A

Posterior

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5
Q

What is a coronal plane?

A

A vertical plane that divides a part of the brain into dorsal and ventral

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6
Q

What is a Sagittal plane?

A

Dividing brain into left and right sides

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7
Q

What is a horizontal plane?

A

Dividing brain into superior and inferior parts

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8
Q

What are two parts of the peripheral nervous system called?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the SNS?

A

Sensory (afferent) & Motor (efferent)

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10
Q

What are two parts of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Arouse

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12
Q

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Calm

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13
Q

Name 3 areas of the brain that are involved in the Central Nervous System

A

Forebrain, Midbrain & Hindbrain

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14
Q

What structures are in the Forebrain?

A

Cerebrum, Subcortical (basal ganglia & limbic system), Thalamus & Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Name the structures or the Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum, Pons & Medulla

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16
Q

What are the four lobes of the cortex?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal & Occipital

17
Q

What is the function of the Frontal lobe?

A
  • Social reasoning
  • Inhibition of behaviours
  • Planning & reasoning
  • Movement
18
Q

What is the function of the Parietal lobe?

A
  • processing sensory information
  • combines visual and sensory information
  • processes symbols in maths and language
19
Q

What is the function of the Temporal lobe?

A
  • Language recognition and production
  • Olfactory sensory processing
  • Emotional processing
  • Memory
20
Q

What is the function of the Occipital lobe?

A
  • Responsible for visual information
21
Q

What structures does the Limbic system consist of?

A

Cingulate Gyrus, Hypothalamus, Mammillary body, Hippocampus, Amygdala & Olfactory bulb

22
Q

What is the function of the Blood Brain Barrier?

A

To block chemicals from entering and protect the brain

23
Q

What are the ways that chemicals can pass the BBB?

A
  1. Fat soluble molecules & small uncharged molecules

2. Active transport system

24
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges called?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
25
Q

Outline Luria’s Model of Brain Functioning I

A

Cortical areas in the posterior and anterior brain that are structured as follows:

  1. Primary - unimodal sensation(s)/execution(m)
  2. Secondary - Unimodal elaboration (s) /sequencing(m)
  3. Tertiary - Heteromodal integration(s)/planning (m)
26
Q

Mesulum’s model theorizes that the two brain hemispheres are responsible for…

A
  1. Right - spatial attention

2. Left- language network

27
Q

According to Mesulum, the left hemisphere consists of what language focused areas?

A

Wernicke’s and Broca’s

28
Q

According to Mesulum, the right hemisphere involves ________ structures in regards to spatial attention.

A

Dorsal posterior parietal cortex, frontal eye fields and cingulate gyrus

29
Q

According to Mesulum, the areas responsible for memory and emotions are…

A

Amygdala, Hippocampus & Entorhinal cortex

30
Q

What research methods are used for looking at specific areas (high spatial resolution)?

A

PET, FMRI & fNIRS

31
Q

What research methods are used for looking at the speed of things (high temporal resolution)?

A

EEG (sometimes skin conductance and EMG)

32
Q

What research methods are used to stimulate an area?

A

tDCS & TMS

33
Q

What is microneurography?

A

Using needle electrodes to measure electrical current from neurons

34
Q

What is fNIRS?

A

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy which projects light through the scalp and skull into the brain.

Brain & Behaviour (4 decks)

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