Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging Flashcards
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).
What properties does TMS have?
Stimulation, non-invasive, electromagnetic
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).
What properties does fMRI have?
Recording, non-invasive, hemodynamic
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does EEG have?
Recording, non-invasive, electrical
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does MEG have?
Recording, non-invasive, electromagnetic
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does PET have?
Recording, invasive, hemodynamic
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does fNIRS have?
Recording, non-invasive, hemodynamic
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does ECoG have?
Recording, invasive, electrical
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does SPECT have?
Recording, invasive, hemodynamic
Neuroimaging methods can be described by method (recording/stimulation), invasiveness
(invasive/non-invasive), and brain property used (electrical/electromagnetic/magnetic/hemodynamic).What properties does MRI have?
Recording, non-invasive,magnetic
Dendrites (receive/send) information
Receive
Axons (receive/send) information
send
What is a synapse?
The small gap between the pre-synaptic axon and post-synaptic dendrite/cell body
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical substance that transmits signals between neurons throughout the nervous system and the brain.
What is myelin?
A fatty-substance around axons to speed up conduction time
What is the function of myelin?
Speed up conduction time of an axon
What is action potential?
a rapid and temporary electrical signal that travels along the membrane of a neuron or muscle cell
The action potential of a neuron does not vary, the spiking rate determines the informational
code the neuron caries
What is Central NS?
the control center of the body, responsible for processing and integrating sensory information, and coordinating responses. It also manages higher functions such as thought, emotion, and cognition. (Brain + Spinal Cord)
What is Peripheral NS?
The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body, transmitting sensory information to the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands. (All the nerves outside the CNS, including cranial and spinal nerves)
What is Somatic NS?
Controls voluntary movements and transmits sensory information from the body to the CNS. Part of PNS. (Walking, touching,etc.)
What is Autonomic NS?
Controls involuntary functions and regulates internal organs, blood vessels, and glands. Part of PNS. operates without conscious effort.
What is Sympathetic NS?
Prepares the body for “fight or flight” responses during stressful or emergency situations. Part of ANS. (Higher heart rate, release adrenaline, dilate airways)
What is Parasympathetic NS?
Maintains “rest and digest” functions, conserving energy and returning the body to a state of calm after a stressful event. Part of ANS. (slower heart rate, stimulates digestion, promotes relaxation)
What is Enteric NS?
a network of neurons embedded in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. “Second brain”. Part of ANS. controls digestive processes like peristalsis and secretion.
What is rostral?
Toward the front
What is caudal?
Toward the back
What is anterior?
toward the face/front
What is posterior?
away from the face
What is dorsal?
top or upper surface of the brain.
Similar to superior
What is ventral?
bottom or lower surface of the brain
Similar to inferior
What is medial?
Toward the midline
What is lateral?
toward the sides
What is superior?
Above than ….
What is inferior?
Below or lower than…
What is transverse?
A plane that divides the brain into upper and lower parts
What is sagittal?
A plane that divides the brain into left and right halves
What is coronal?
A plane that divides the brain into front and back sections
