Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Neuroscience > Neuroanatomy and communication > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy and communication Flashcards

1
Q

layers of meninges from superficial to deep

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of physical protection for the brain

A

Skull, Meninges, CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Whats the function of temporal lobe?

A

Auditory processing, processing of more complex visual information.

Important for memory and emotional processing.

Understanding of speech.

Facial processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Whats the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Receive sensory information(temp touch and pain)

Attention.

Binding.

Interpretation of visual info - spacial neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the insula do?

A

Socializing, gut feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

the frontmost portion of the frontal lobes, especially prominent in humans; important for attention, working memory, decision making, appropriate social behavior, and personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brocca’s area function

A

speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mesencephalon

A

the midbrain; a region of the brain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes the tectum and the tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

occipital lobe

A

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

frontal cortex

A

Brain region in which most conscious thinking takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

limbic system

A

neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.

Includes the amygdala and hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Different kinds of neurons

A

1) Sensory neurons
2) Motor neurons
3) Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

myelin sheath

A

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

resting potential

A

The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron’s cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

membrane channels

A

involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

all-or-none response

A

a neuron’s reaction of either firing (with a full-strength response) or not firing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

spacial summation

A

adds up the simultaneous influences of synapses at different sites on the postsynaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

saltatory conduction

A

Rapid transmission of a nerve impulse along an axon, resulting from the action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to another, skipping the myelin-sheathed regions of membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hur skapar sensory input action potential

A

Energi överförd av den fysiska kontakten omvandlas via transduction till jonisering som leder till handlingspotential och därmed utskick av nervpulser.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Synapse Structure

A

Pre synaptic neurone containing mitochondria and vesicles containing neurotransmitter in synaptic knob, gap between this a post-synaptic neurone is synaptic cleft, post synaptic neurone has neurotransmitter receptors in its membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

steps for neurotransmitter release

A
  1. Syntesizing.

Happens inside the axon

  1. Storage in vesicles.
  2. Release.
  3. Receptor action
  4. inactivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

excitory neurotransmitters

A

neurotransmitters that promote action potential, causing depolarization. Some neurotransmitters are excitatory, some are inhibitory, but most can be either.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why chemical transmission?

A

It might be because it provides a higher level of flexibility and adaption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 classes of neurotransmitters

A

Small-molecule transmitters

Peptide transmitters

Lipid transmitters

Gaseous transmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

action potential

A

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hyper/depolarization

A

Depolarization leads to a slight increase in the potential for action, by increasing the potenital

Hyperpolarazion leads to a slight increase in the potential for action, by decreasing the potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Conservation of resting potential

A

This is due to the anions that aren’t able to come out, the sodium pumps and channels and the fact that potassium isnt that attracted to get inside the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nerve impulse

A

A signal transmitted along a nerve fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

back propagation

A

Reverse movement of an action potential into the dendritic field of a neuron; postulated to play a role in plastic changes that underlie learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

refractory period

A

the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated

31
Q

relative refractory period

A

A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarized state and will fire again only if the incoming message is much stronger than usual

32
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

33
Q

allocortex

A

cortical tissue with three layers or unlayered organization, in contrast with six-layered neocortex
Has to do with receival of censory inputs

34
Q

when does neurotrasmittor release happen?

A

In respons to an action potential

35
Q

Small molecule transmittors

A

AcetylCholine, amines, serotonine

36
Q

Lipids

A

Cannaboids

37
Q

Kinds of synapses

A

Dendodendritic - messeage fro dendrite to dendrite

Axodendritic - from axon to dendrite

Axoextracellular from axon to nothing

Axosomatic - Axon terminal ends on cellbody

Axosynaptic - Axonterminal ends on another terminal

Axoaxonic - Axonterminal end on another axon

Axosecretory - axon ends on bloodsvessle and secrets transmittors directly into the blood

38
Q

vesicle

A

Tiny sacs that transports substances in and outside the cell

39
Q

Sensory input to the spinal cord travels via the:

A

dorsal spinal cord

40
Q

Motor output from the spinal cord travels via the:

A

ventral spinal cord

41
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows between the:

A

superficial layer and deep layer.

42
Q

In the human brain the basal ganglia and the limbic system are considered part of the:

A

telencephalon

43
Q

The allocortex contains which of the following structures?

  1. the hippocampus and the amygdala
  2. the diencephalon and the cerebellum
  3. the hippocampus and the hypothalamus
  4. the hypothalamus and the thalamus
A
  1. the hippocampus and the amygdala
44
Q

Following a brain injury Steven has trouble organizing himself and has difficulty formulating plans to accomplish goals. Which of the lobes are he most likely to have injured?

A

frontal lobe.

45
Q

At rest, the concentrations of _____ are higher inside of a neuron, whereas the concentrations of _____ are higher outside of a neuron.

A

potassium (K+); sodium (Na+)

46
Q

Depolarization is primarily linked with _____, whereas hyperpolarization is mainly linked with _____.

A

sodium; chloride

47
Q

The action potential normally consists of the summed current changes caused by the _____ and the _____.

A

inflow of sodium; outflow of potassium

48
Q

pruning?

A

The synapses not used dying of.

49
Q

Progenitor cell

A

A precursor cell that splits into neural and glial cells

50
Q

Neurotropic factor

A

Chemical compound helping with group and differentiation of neural cells.

51
Q

Whats the role of the substantia nigra?

A

Dopamin production

52
Q

Piagets Stages?

A
  1. Sensimotor period 0 - 24 months
  2. Preoperational 2 - 6 years
    3 Concrete operational 7 - 11 years
  3. formal operational
53
Q

Sensimotor period?

A

Between 0 to 2 years

Child learn to different themself to the rest of the world.
Learns Object permanence.

54
Q

Preoperational Period?

A

2 to 6 years

Ability to reprensent things with words and drawings.

55
Q

Concrete operational Period

A

7 to 11 years

Formal operations like arithmatic is learned

56
Q

Development of vocubulary is related to

A

Cortical thinning

57
Q

Chemoaffinity hypothesis

A

hypothesis of that neurond are drawn toward signaling chemical determining the pathway

58
Q

Critical period

A

Periods where the brain develops extra much and is in a hugher sense vaulnabry to abnomalitites

59
Q

Important for substances to pass to enter brain?

A

Blood brain barrier

60
Q

Aphetamine does…

A

Promotes dopamin release and decrease uptake

61
Q

Cocaine does…

A

decrease dopamin uptake

62
Q

mental chronometry

A

Mental chronometry is the use of response time to infer mental processes. The way for this is the manipulation of the tasks and/or of variables determining the behavior of participants in the tasks

63
Q

Advantages and disadvantages to fMRI compared to EEG

A

fMRI has a higher spatial resoloution but a lower temporal resolotion

64
Q

Where does transduction from sound occur in the ear

A

The inner hair cells

65
Q

Basilar membrane

A

Its movement causes the inner hair cells to depolarize, it is like a plate with different areas for different frequencies

66
Q

Acuate Faschiculus

A

Connects broccas and wernikes area

67
Q

Where does localization of sound take place?

A

Ventral cochlea nucelues

68
Q

Difference between auditory processing in the hemispheres?

A

The left sida has a larger wernikes area while the right has a larger primary auditory cortex

69
Q

Sequence for initiation of movement

A
  1. Prefrontal cortex - planning
  2. Premotor Cortex - puts the plan to completion
  3. Primary motor Cortex - center for skilled behavior
  4. Cortico spinal tracts
  5. Motor Neurons
70
Q

Cerebellum is important for ___ movement

A

Skilled

71
Q

Regulatory behavior

A

Behavior related to survival suc as acquiring food.

72
Q

Shape recogntion is related to…

A

The ventral visual pathway. In articular is it related to the center and off center cells.

73
Q

Opponent processes

A

Helps with processing different wavelengths of light and there by contrasting different colors

Cognitive Neuroscience (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions