neuroanatomy Flashcards
spinal nerves?
C1 will emerge from above C1 vertebrae
C8 will emerge BELOW C7 vertebrae
This continues all the way down :)


Anterior and ventral are same thing
Posterior and dorsal are same thing
what other modality will be present?

Remember this is thoracolumbar outflow - so you will also have sympathetic outflow
spinal nerve modalities?
Spinal nerve = somatic sensory, motor + sympathetic
- Visceral afferents travel alongside sympathetic nerves but ARE NOT part of the spinal nerve
diaphragm motor supply?
phrenic nerve C3, 4, 5
dermatome landmarks?
upper limb?
nipple = T4
umbilicus = T10
upper limb = C5-T1

B - T6
nerve plexuses?
e.g.?
Intertwined anterior rami from a number of adjacent nerves - NOT posterior rami
e.g.
- cervical plexus (C1-C4)
- posterior scalp, neck + diaphragm
- brachial plexus (C5-T1)
- upper limb
- lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
- lower limb
- lumbosacral plexus (L5-S4)
- lower limb, gluteal region, perineum

…
horner syndrome s/s?
Ax?
Symptoms: miosis, ptosis, reduced sweating (anhydrosis), increased warmth and redness
Ax = compression of cervical sympathetic trunk:
- Root of neck trauma
- Carotid dissection
- Internal jugular vein engorgement
- Deep cervical node metastases
- Pancoast tumour (lung apex)

how many vertebrae?
spinal nerves?
enlargements?
vertebrae = 33
spinal nerves = 31
2 enalrgements = cervical + lumbar

conus medullaris?
what comes after?
termination of spinal cord - L2
continues as connective tissue called filum terminale
*anchors spinal cord to coccyx

spinal meninges continuous with?
what are they?
Spinal meninges are continuous with cranial meninges via foramen magnum
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
spinal cord suspended in canal via?
made of?
subarachnoid space filled with?
denticulate ligment - found laterally
made from pia + arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space filled with CSF


…
central canal of spinal cord?
difference between posterior horn + anterior horn anatomically?
Central canal of spinal cord opens into 4th ventricle superiorly
- Posterior horn extends all the way up to the surface of the spinal cord
- The ventral horn does not
- Just helps with orientation :)
spinal segments T1 to L2 spinal cord?

arterial supply spinal cord?
3 major longitudinal arteries
- 1 anterior
- 2 posterior
- Originate from vertebral arteries and run the entire length of spinal cord
Segmental arteries
- Derived from vertebral, intercostal and lumbar arteries
Radicular arteries
- Travel along dorsal and ventral roots

greater anterior segmental medullary artery?
Adamkowitz - larger
derived from 9th-12th intercostal artery

venous drainage of spine?


where is somatosensory cortex located
post-central gyrus
what happens as you descend cord?


ascending = sensory
descending = motor



































