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Neuroanatomy > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Embryology - What are the three primary vesicles that the brain forms at the top of the neural tube.

A

Prosecephalon, mesencephalon, rhomencephalon.

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2
Q

The prosencephalon goes on to form

A

the telencephalon and dicephalon.

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3
Q

The mesencephalon divides into 2 T/F?

A

No the mesencephalon remains the mescencephalon.

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4
Q

The rjomboncephalon forms

A

the metencephalon and mylencephalon.

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5
Q

The telencephalon forms the

A 
Cerebral hemispheres
Basal ganglia 
Hippocampus 
Olfactory bulb 
Basal forebrain.
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6
Q

Diencephalon forms

A

the thalamus and hypothalamus

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7
Q

The mesencephalon forms the

A

midbrain.

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8
Q

The metencephalon forms

A

the pons and the cerebellum

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9
Q

The myelencephalon forms the

A

medulla oblongata.

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10
Q

The brainstem consists of the

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

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11
Q

What are glial cells and what are the 4 types?

A

They are like ‘glue’. Astrocytees, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells.

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12
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

star shaped and maintain the BBB, environmental homeostasis. Can tighten the cepillary epithelium for example.

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13
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Produce myeline only in the central nervous system. Round nucleus with many branches.

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14
Q

What are nodes of Ranvier?

A

Space between where the myelination of one oligodendrocyte ends and another begins. Gap in myelin sheath.

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15
Q

What are microglia

A

Similar to macrophages, immune monitoring and antigen presentation. Elongated nucleus, short spiny processes.

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16
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that line the ventricles. Contribute to CSF production.

17
Q

White matter is mainly ____ that connect cells.

A

Axons

18
Q

Main components of grey matter?

A

++ Neurons, cell processes, synapses + support cells.

19
Q

Grey matter surrounds white matter T/F

A

True

20
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

pre-central gyrus

21
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

A

Post central gyrus.

22
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

The central gyrus.

23
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

largest structure that allows the left and right cortexes to communicate.

24
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insula.

25
Q

What are the layers of the meninges? From superficial to deep.

A

Dura Matter, Arachnoid, (sub arachnoid space), Pia matter.

26
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein.

27
Q

How is the spinal cord suspended in canal?

A

By the denticulate ligaments which are formed by pia and arachnoid tissue. So are in the subarachnoid space.

28
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

Space between the dura and bone in the spinal cord, it is filled with adipose and anterior/posterios epidural venus plexus.

29
Q

The major longitudinal arterial supply to the spinal cord?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries.

1 anterior and 2 posterior longitudinal arteries from the vertebral arteries. Run the length of the cord.

30
Q

Other arterial supply to the spinal cord

A

Segmental arteries from vertebral intercoastal and lumbar arteries.
And radicular arteries which travel alone the dorsal and ventral roots.

31
Q

Venous drainage of the spinal cord.

A

Follows similar pattern to arteries - both longitudinal and segmental veins.

32
Q

What does the Dorsal Column/ medial lemnuscus system do?

A

Fine touch

Proprioception (especially upper limb)

33
Q

Where do the fibres of the dorsal coloumn cross?

A

The medulla.

34
Q

What is the function of the spinopthalamic tract?

A

Pain
Temperature
Deep pressure.

35
Q

Where do the fibres of the spinophthalamic tract cross?

A

Segementally, it where they enter the spinal cord. They synapse in the thalamus before they go to the corresponding area in the sensory cortex.

36
Q

What is the function of the corticospinal or pyramidal tract?

A

Executing fine precise movement of distal limb muscles.

37
Q

Where do the corticospinal/pyramidal fibres cross?

A

85% in the caudal medulla to form the lateral cortisospinal tract. And the rest form the ventral corticospinal tract which crosses segmentally.

38
Q

What happens if there is a CVA of the internal capsule?

A

There is a lack of descending control o the crorticospinal tract (+ other effects).
You get SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH HYPERREFLEXIA OF THE UPPER LIMBS = DECORTICATE POSTURING.

39
Q

What are the motor systems outside the pyramidal tract referred to as?

A

Extrapyramidal system.

Neuroanatomy (3 decks)

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