Neuroanatomy

Question 1

How did the nervous system evolve?

Answer 1

*evolved together with muscles.

1) Neurons and Muscles
2) Nerve Net (jellyfish)
3) Bilateral symmetry (flatworm)
4) Segmentation (vertebrae)
5) Ganglion (cluster of neurons i.e. -> clam, snail)
6) Spinal Chord
7) Brain

Question 2

what factors control brain size?

Answer 2

the more limbs or parts to control the more neurons are needed. The more neurons needed, the larger the brain needs to be to host all of those neurons.

Question 3

Why size of brain matters?

Answer 3

the more complex the nervous system, the larger the brain.

The smarter you are, the more likely you are to survive and pass on your genes.

Question 4

Organization of the vertebrate brain

Answer 4

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain.

Question 5

Afferent

Answer 5

Sensory information travels from the periphery to the brain

Question 6

Efferent

Answer 6

Motor commands are typically “efferent”

– from the brain out to the periphery.

Question 7

What is the main role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF?)

Answer 7

Bathe & physically cushion the brain
Maintain extracellular environment
Immune function, clearing waste

Question 8

What happens when a major vessel is blocked?

Answer 8

Ischemic stroke, (60-70%)

Blood vessel blocked, cutting off blood supply to an area

Question 9

Hemorraghic stroke (60-70%)

Answer 9

Blood vessel hemorrhages, leaking blood into an area