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Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Microglia

A
  • immune cells of CNS

- impt for phagocytosis and inflammation

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2
Q

Schwann cells

A

provide myelination for PNS

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3
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

provide myelination for CNS

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4
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • types: fibrous (white matter), protoplasmic (gray matter), radial
  • angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, maintenance of BBB
  • metabolite exchange, ion maintenance
  • has perivascular and perineural feet
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5
Q

Satellite cells

A
  • function as astrocytes in ANS

- neural crest origin

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6
Q

Polydendrocytes

A

stem cells of brain

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7
Q

Ependymal cells

A
  • line the central canal
  • columnar to cuboidal epithelium
  • free exchange of fluid
  • basal side contacts astrocytes
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8
Q

Node of Ranvier

A
  • where 2 Schwann cells meet

- where APs are regenerated in order to propagate

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9
Q

Initial Segment

A
  • initial part of the axon before myelinated part

- where AP is INITIATED

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10
Q

Are synapses myelinated?

A

no

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11
Q

Internode

A
  • between nodes of Ranvier

- lined by Schwann cells

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12
Q

Components of Schwann cells

A
  • nucleus in outer cytoplasmic belt
  • terminal cytoplasmic spiral
  • transverse and longitudinal Scmidt Lanterman incisures
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13
Q

Myelination in CNS vs PNS

A
  • CNS has oligos that form many internodes
  • PNS has Schwann cells that only form 1 internode each
  • oligos have longer processes
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14
Q

Components of BBB

A

endothelium and astrocytes

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15
Q

Major segments of brain

A 
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
rhombencephalon
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16
Q

Components of brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla
cerebellum

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17
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

T12-L1

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18
Q

Direction of transmission of spinal cord dorsal and ventral roots

A

dorsal root - afferent

ventral root - efferent

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19
Q

Important motor pathway to the periphery

A

corticospinal (pyramidal) tract

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20
Q

Pain and temperature from the periphery

A

spinothalamic tract

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21
Q

Position sense pathway

A

Dorsal (posterior) column - has pseudounipolar neurons

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22
Q

Where is the autonomic nervous system regulated?

A

Hypothalamus and thalamus

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23
Q

Sympathetic spinal segments

A

T1-L2

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24
Q

Parasympathetic spinal segments and location

A

S2-S4 and Brainstem CN III, VII, IX, X

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25
Q

What passes through optic canal?

A

Optic Nerve (CNII)

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26
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III
CN IV
CN VI
CN V1

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27
Q

What hole in the skull does the spinal cord connect to the brainstem?

A

Posterior fossa

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28
Q

Layers of meninges (innermost to outermost)

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

29
Q

What forms the superior sagital sinus and the lateral sinuses?

A

Separation of the 2 layers of the dura mater (the dura layer and the periosteal layer)

30
Q

What creates the BBB?

A

Tight junctions between the capillary endothelial cells

31
Q

Circumventricular organs (lack a BBB)

A 
OVLT
median eminence
post pit
pineal gland
subfornical organ
area postrema
32
Q

Nucleus

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

33
Q

Ganglion

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

34
Q

Where is gray matter in the brain located?

A

surface of forebrain and cerebellum

35
Q

separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

36
Q

separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe

A

lateral fissure

37
Q

location of the primary motor areas

A

precentral gyrus

38
Q

Functions of the parietal lobe

A
  • primary somatosensory (postcentral gyrus)
  • motor aspects of language (Wiernecke’s area)
  • self perception
39
Q

Main function of occipital lobe

A
  • primary visual processing

- primary visual area is on the medial surface (calcarine sulcus)

40
Q

Main function of temporal lobe

A
  • processing auditory info

- superior temporal gyrus is where we interpret

41
Q

Limbic lobe

A
  • in the middle of all 4 lobes

- made of parahippocampal and cingulate gyri

42
Q

Basal ganglia

A
  • a deep structure that includes the caudate (putamen and globes pallidus) and lenticular nuclei
  • role in the initiation and control of voluntary movements
43
Q

Limbic structures

A
  • amygdala and hippocampus

- drive-related and emotional behaviors, learning and memory

44
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • largest set of commisural fibers that connects the two hemispheres
  • white matter
45
Q

Corona radiata

A
  • largest set of projection fibers that transmits info to and from the cortex
  • white matter
46
Q

Thalamus

A
  • processing station for all sensory info on its way to the cortex (except olfactory)
  • role in motor processing
47
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • paired structures that are on either side o 3rd ventricle

- includes thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus

48
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • structurally part of diencephalon but functionally part of limbic system
  • roles include endocrine, autonomic, homeostatic
49
Q

brainstem

A
  • CNS caudal to the diencephalon

- includes midbrain and hindbrain

50
Q

reticular formation nuclei

A
  • part of brainstem

- involved in integrative function

51
Q

Superior colliculi

A
  • part of most rostral part of brainstem

- involved in visual reflexes

52
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A
  • most rostral part of brainstem

- involved in auditory integration

53
Q

Components of the hindbrain

A

pons and medulla

54
Q

Connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

55
Q

Choroid plexus

A
  • where CSF is made

- 3 layers: fenestrated epithelium, pial layer, ependymal layer

56
Q

Major diff between serum and CSF

A

serum has much more protein

57
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

A

the EXTERNAL carotid

58
Q

Where do cerebral arteries and veins run?

A

subarachnoid space (between arachnoid mater and pia mater which are not connected tightly to leave space)

59
Q

CSF can leave the ventricular system through:

A
  • the two lateral foramina in the medulla
  • foramina of Lushke
  • medial foramen of Magendie
60
Q

Where is CSF mainly made?

A

lateral and 4th ventricles

61
Q

Where does reabsorption of CSF occur?

A

through arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus

62
Q

Do the lateral ventricles connect?

A

no - separated by the septum pellucid

but both connect to 3rd ventricle by foramen of monroe

63
Q

What goes through optic canal?

A

CN II

64
Q

What goes through superior orbital fissure?

A

CN 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

65
Q

What goes through foramen oval?

A

CN 3, 5

66
Q

What goes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle Meningeal artery

67
Q

What goes through carotid foramen?

A

Internal carotid artery

68
Q

What goes through IAM and stylomastoid for amen?

A

CN 7

69
Q

What goes through jugular foramen?

A

CN 9, 10, 11

Neuro (5 decks)

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