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Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clivus?

A

Bone where pons rests against

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2
Q

Blockage of internal carotid causes what?

A

weakness and loss of sensation- supplies anterior portion of brain

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3
Q

Blockage of vertebral artery causes what?

A

Vision, balance, brainstem lesions

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4
Q

What sinus can be involved in ear infections?

A

Transverse sinus

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5
Q

What sinus is the easiest way for infections to spread to the brain? Why?

A

Cavernous sinus- venous blood drains from face and eye into it

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6
Q

What sinus drains CSF?

A

Superior saggital sinus

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7
Q

What arteries supply the internal capsule?

A

Choroidal and striate- if occluded can cause major deficits

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8
Q

What is the difference between cerebellar and cerebral lesions?

A

Cerebellar typically produce ipsilateral effects- pathways do not cross over (ex spinocerebellar)
Cerebral typically produce contralateral effects

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9
Q

Where does tertiary syphilis typically affect? What does it cause?

A

Posterior columns- causes proprioceptive and pain loss

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10
Q

Where does pernicious anemia affect? Causes?

A

Posterior columns causing proprioceptive loss and corticospinal tract- causing UMN lesions

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11
Q

Where does ALS affect? Causes?

A

Anterior horn cells causing LMN and corticospinal tracts causing UMN

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12
Q

Where does Guillain Barre affect? Causes?

A

Peripheral nerves- causes sensory and LMN lesion

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13
Q

What syndrome looks like Parkinson’s but has autonomic instability (fainting, loss of bladder control, impotence)?

A

Shy-Drager syndrome or multiple system atrophy

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14
Q

Lesion to angular gyrus

A

Causes alexia and agraphia

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15
Q

Lesion to supra marginal gyrus

A

Tactile and proprioceptive agnosia- confusion of left to right discrimination

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16
Q

Basal nucleus of Meynert

A

Dementia in Alzheimer’s

17
Q

Find the lesion: left sided weakness and decrease in all sensation in leg, hyperreflexia

A

Right ACA

18
Q

Find the lesion: Left weakness and decrease in sensation in arm and face, hyperreflexia

A

Right MCA

19
Q

Find the lesion: Bilateral muscle atrophy, fasciculations, and hyperreflexia in arms legs and face

A

ALS

20
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral weakness, hyporeflexia, and decreased sensation in hands and feet

A

Peripheral neuropathy- think diabetes or alcoholism

21
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral decreased proprioception and sharp pains in legs and positive Romberg sign

A

Tertiary syphilis- lesion in posterior columns of white matter
Look for argyll Robertson pupil- accommodates but does not react

22
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral spastic paralysis, decreased proprioception, hyperreflexia, decreased pain and temp sensation in legs

A

Hemisection of spinal cord at T11- Brown sequard

23
Q

Find the lesion: R arm radicular pain, more lateral

A

Cervical roots C5-6

24
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral decreased pain and temp sensation on trunk and arms with muscle atrophy in hands. Light touch and proprioception intact

A

Syringomyelia- demyelination affecting crossing pain and temp fibers

25
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral spastic paralysis and loss of all sensation and hyperreflexia in legs

A

Total transaction of spinal cord

26
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral loss of proprioception, paresis, hyperreflexia, and babinski’s sign in legs.

A

Pernicious anemia- lesions of posterior columns and corticospinal tract

27
Q

Find the lesion: bilateral acute flaccid paralysis and loss of all sensation in legs

A

Guillain Barre

28
Q

Find the lesion: unilateral paralysis, muscle atrophy and hyporeflexia of L leg

A

Polio

29
Q

Find the lesion: unilateral weakness of elbow and wrist extension, numbness of dorsum of hand, decreased triceps reflex

A

Radial nerve

30
Q

Find the lesion: unilateral weakness of wrist flexion, thumb opposition, atrophy of the air eminence, pain along fingers

A

Median nerve above wrist! Carpal tunnel does not affect wrist flexion

31
Q

Find the lesion: unilateral claw hand, numbness of pinky, atrophy of pinky

A

Ulnar nerve

32
Q

Find the lesion: decreased sensation in buttocks, atrophy, and impotence

A

Caudal equina syndrome - S2-4

33
Q

Find the lesion: Right sided spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia, decreased proprioception. Left sided tongue weakness and atrophy

A

Left medulla- left medial lemniscus, left pyramid, left CN XII

34
Q

Find the lesion: Right decreased taste and pain/temp in face, ataxia. L sided decreased pain/temp below face. Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing

A

PICA syndrome- spinocerebellar tract–> ataxia
Right Spinothalamic tract and nucleus of right CNV–> loss of left extremity pain/temp and loss of facial pain/temp
Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing- R nucleus ambiguus
Decreased taste- R nucleus solitarius

35
Q

Find the lesion: L spastic paralysis and decreased proprioception in arms and legs. Right facial paralysis and eye cannot abduct

A

Right caudal pons- corticospinal tract, CNVI, right medial Lemniscus (proprioception), CN7(facial paralysis)

36
Q

Find the lesion: Right foot drop, weakness, and numbness

A

Common peroneal nerve

37
Q

Find the lesion: Right decreased vision, babinski’s sign. Left facial weakness. Ataxia, nystagmus, inter nuclear opthalmoplegia

A

MS- no single lesion possible!!!

38
Q

Find the lesion: Right masseter weakness, facial anesthesia. Left arm, leg weakness

A

Right pons- CN5, CN7, corticospinal tract

39
Q

Find the lesion: Left ptosis, dilated pupil, difficulty addicting eye. Right lower facial paralysis and spastic paralysis of arms and legs.

A

Left midbrain

Neuro (2 decks)

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