neuroanatomy Flashcards
frontal lobe
motor cortex
somatosensory cortex
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
cerebellum
spinal cord
brainstem
temporal lobe
olfactory bulb
what parts of the brain are responsible for higher level thinking
cerebellum and higher
what parts of the brain are responsible for basic life functioning
root and below
frontal lobe primary cortical area and functions
- motor
- executive function
- speech production
parietal lobe primary cortical area and functions
- sensory integration for motor planning (praxis)
- calculation, writing, spatial awareness , dressing
temporal lobe primary cortical area and functions
- hearing
- memory, semantics, recognition, speech comprehension
occipital lobe primary cortical area
vision
broca’s area function
expressive language
broca’s area location
frontal lobe
wernicke’s area function
receptive language
wernicke’s area location
temporal lobe
does a deep stroke cause more or less damage
more
deep structures
- basal ganglia
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
basal ganglia function
- coordination of movement
- extra-pyramidal motor system
thalamus function
connected to cortical areas involved in sensory, motor, and limbic functions
hypothalamus function
maintains internal homeostasis (temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, blood vessel constriction/dilation)
amygdala function
processing center for emotions
brainstem parts
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
- cranial nerve nuclei
- reticular formation
damage to the cerebellum leads to…
jerky movements
cerebellum function
- coordination
- balance
upper motor neuron lesion symptoms
- increased tone (spastic)
- brisk reflexes: ankle clonus, upgoing plantars
- pyramidal weakness
- no fasciculations
- minimal muscle wasting
lower motor neuron lesion symptoms
- normal or decreased tone (flaccid)
- depressed reflexes: downgoing plantars
- flaccid weakness
- muscle wasting
- fasciculations
cranial nerves
I olfactory
II optic
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal
olfactory nerve
- smell
- implications for taste
optic nerve
- vision
- light reflex
oculomotor nerve
eye movements (medial, superior, inferior)
trochlear nerve
eye movements (look at nose)
trigeminal nerve
- facial sensation and jaw movements
- sensory to most of the face and buccal mucosa (V1, V2, V3)
- motor to muscles of mastication (V3)
abducens nerve
eye movements (lateral)
facial nerve
- motor (muscles of facial expression)
- sensory (taste of anterior 2/3 of the tongue)
- autonomic (submandibular and sublingual glands)
vestibulocochlear nerve
hearing and balance
glossopharyngeal nerve
“gag and taste”
- sensory (to pharynx and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue)
- motor to stylopharyngeus (elevates larynx and pharynx)
- parotid gland for secretion of saliva
vagus nerve
“I lost my voice in Vagus”
- breathing, circulation, and digestion
- motor (pharynx, vocal cords, soft palate, upper esophagus)
- sensory (larynx)
- other branches to GI tract and heart
accessory nerve
movements of the neck and back muscles (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid)
hypoglossal nerve
“we like to move it, move it”
- tongue movements
trigeminal nerve branches
- V1 opthalmic
- V2 maxillary
- V3 mandibular
unilateral paralysis of hypoglossal nerve results in…
wasting and deviation of the tongue to the affected side (strong side dominates)
cranial nerves responsible for speech and swallowing
- V trigeminal nerve
- VII facial nerve
- IX glossopharyngeal nerve
- X vagus nerve
- XII hypoglossal nerve
pyramidal system types of dysarthria
- flaccid
- spastic
- e.g. MND
extrapyramidal system types of dysarthria
- hyperkinetic
- hypokinetic
- e.g. Huntington’s, Parkinson’s
cerebellar system types of dysarthria
- ataxic
- e.g. MS
pyramidal system function
power source for movement (on/off)
extrapyramidal system function
amount of power (too little or too much)
cerebellar system function
dimmer switch
why won’t repetition help MND
on/off switch vs. strengthening
cranial nerve mneumonic (names)
On
Occasion
Our
Trusty
Truck
Acts
Funny
Very
Good
Vehicle
Any
How
cranial nerve mneumonic (function: sensory, motor, both)
Some
Say
Marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Brains
Matter
More
