Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What does dorsal/superior mean in the brain and spinal cord?
Brain: towards the top
Spinal cord: towards the back
What does ventral/inferior mean in the brain and spinal cord?
Brain: towards the bottom
Spinal cord: towards the front
What does rostral/anterior mean in the brain and spinal cord?
Brain: towards the front
Spinal cord: towards the top
What does Caudal/posterior mean in the brain and spinal cord?
Brain: towards the back
Spinal cord: towards the bottom
What are all the different primary cortexes for?
in general, for processing low level info for respective areas
A1: primary auditory cortex
V1: primary visual cortex
M1: primary motor cortex
S1: primary somatosensory cortex
What are the Association Cortex’s for?
multimodal information
making complex interpretations of the information
integrates low level info with other info to yield higher representation
What is gray matter
cortices
made up of cell bodies or cell somas
What is white matter
connections between different brain regions
made up of axons
Afferent
sensory
efferent
motor
Sagittal plane
divides the brain into a right and left section
Coronal plane
divides the brain into a rostral and caudal half (front and back)
Transverse plane
divides the brain into a dorsal and ventral part (top and bottom)
Frontal Lobe (function + components)
the cognitive and motor control center
a. planning and execution of movement
b. integrative center of signals related to our cognitive abilities
contains Broca’s area and primary motor cortex (located on the left of the central sulcus), premotor areas, and prefrontal cortex (controls the activities of other cortical regions
*the emergence of speech-language abilities happens here
Temporal Lobe (function + components)
performs spectral analyses on sound inputs, home of auditory and language comprehension neural circuits
key region involved in memory and identification of complex objects
contains Wernicke’s area and primary auditory cortex (located just underneath the slyvian lateral fissure/lateral sulcus)
Parietal Lobe (function + components)
sensory region of the brain
tells the frontal lobe what’s going on
contains primary somatosensory cortex (located on the right side of the central sulcus), superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobe, and precuneus
Occipital Lobe (function + components)
dedicated exclusively to visual processing
Contains the primary visual cortex
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
central sulcus
What separates the Parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
pario-occipital gyrus
What separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Lateral sulcus
What is Broca’s area and Wernicke’s responsible for
speech production = Broca’s
Speech comprehension = Wernicke’s
Epidural Space
space between the dura of the spinal cord and the bone of the vertebral column
subdural space
underneath the dura mater but above the arachnoid space
subarachnoid space
located immediately below the arachnoid mater and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
intracerebral space
the brain tissue itself
Cranial nerve I
olfactory
sensory
transmits the sense of smell from the nasal cavity (smell)
Cranial nerve II
optic
sensory
transmits visual signals form the retina to the brain (vision)
Cranial nerve III
oculomotor
motor
eye movement, eyelid elevation, lens accomodation
Cranial Nerve IV
trochlear
motor
eye movement (depresses and intorts)
Cranial Nerve V
trigeminal
sensory and motor
facial sensation, mastication, tongue sensation (anterior 2/3), muscles of biting/chewing
Cranial nerve VI
abducens
motor
eye movement (abduction)
Cranial nerve VII
facial
sensory and motor
taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue) facial expression, salivation, eye closing
Cranial Nerve VIII
vestibulocochlear
sensory
balance, hearing, carries impulse for equilibrium and hearing
“auditory nerve”
Cranial Nerve IX
glossopharyngeal
sensory and motor
taste/sensation (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
pharynx sensation, swallowing/salivation
Cranial nerve X
Vagus
sensory and motor
visceral tissue, taste/sensation epiglottis, swallowing/speech, cough, parasympathetic system
Cranial nerve XI
Accessory
Motor
shrugging shoulders and head turning
Cranial Nerve XII
hypoglossal
motor
tongue movement, swallowing and speech articulation