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NEUR 1202 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Is the brain working during sleep?

A

Yes

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2
Q

How much bodily energy does the human brain use?

A

20%

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3
Q

Is brain damage always permanent?

A

No

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4
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The brains ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life

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5
Q

What is neurogenesis?

A

Brain cell growth

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6
Q

What regions of the brain does neurogenesis take place in?

A

The subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zones

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7
Q

What part of a neuron does severe alcohol use damage?

A

Dendrite

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8
Q

What is neuroanatomy?

A

The study of the structure and organization of the nervous system

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9
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerves and the spinal nerves

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11
Q

What happens in the nervous system?

A

Sensory info is sent to the brain to produce a reaction

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12
Q

What two divisions is the PNS divided into?

A

The somatic division and the autonomic division

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13
Q

What is the somatic division?

A

Nerves that carry our sensory info into the CNS and the nerves that carry info from the CNS to produce a response

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14
Q

What is afferent?

A

Sensory info entering the CNS

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15
Q

What is efferent?

A

Sensory info leaving the CNS

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16
Q

What is the autonomic division?

A

Sensory and motor connections to internal organs

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17
Q

What does the autonomic division do?

A

Regulates heart rate, digestion, lung movement, sexual arousal

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18
Q

What 2 types of nerves are in the autonomic division?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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19
Q

What do our sympathetic nerves do?

A

They send arousing signals from our CNS to our organs. They prepare us for vigorous activity

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20
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves do?

A

Send calming signals from our CNS to our organs

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21
Q

What is vasculature?

A

The blood vessels of the brain

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22
Q

What does our vasulature consist of?

A

20% of oxygen from our lungs and 20% of blood from the heart

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23
Q

What is brain-body orientation?

A

The brain structure in relation to the face

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24
Q

What is the front of the brain called?

A

Anterior

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25
Q

What is the back of the brain called?

A

Posterior

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26
Q

What is the top of the brain called?

A

Dorsal

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27
Q

What is the bottom of the brain called?

A

Ventral

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28
Q

What is towards the brains mid-line called?

A

Medial

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29
Q

What are the sides of the brain called?

A

Lateral

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30
Q

What is anatomical orientation?

A

Describing structures in the brain in relation to each other

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31
Q

What anatomical orientation is cutting from the ventral or dorsal part of the brain?

A

Coronal section

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32
Q

What anatomical orientation is cutting from the anterior to the postural region?

A

Sagittal section

33
Q

What anatomical orientation is cutting along the horizon of the brain?

A

Dorsal view

34
Q

What are the meninges and what are they called?

A

3 layers of protective tissue between the skull and brain. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

35
Q

What is dura mater?

A

“Hard mother”; tough outer double layer of fiborous tissue that encloses the brain in a loose sack

36
Q

What is arachnoid mater?

A

“Like a spider’s web”; thin sheet of delicate connective tissue that follows the brains contours

37
Q

What is pia mater?

A

“Soft mother”; moderately tough inner layer that clings to the brain’s surface

38
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

A

A clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that circulates around the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid do?

A

Provides cushioning and helps clear waste

40
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

Blood vessels that vascularize unique properties

41
Q

What does the blood brain barrier do?

A

Protects our brain from toxins

42
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

The largest portion of the brain that is divided into 2 hemispheres

43
Q

What is cerebral lateralization?

A

The process whereby functions become localized primarily an one side of the brain

44
Q

Which side of the brain is more associated with language?

A

The left

45
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The outer layer of the cerebrum

46
Q

What are the 2 sections of subcortical structures in the cerebrum?

A

The basal ganglia and the limbic system

47
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

A group of structures that coordinate voluntary movement of the limbs and body

48
Q

What does the basal ganglia contain?

A

The globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and the substantia nigra

49
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

A group of structures involved in processing and regulating emotions, and memory

50
Q

What does the limbic system contain?

A

The cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and the amygdala

51
Q

What does the cingulate gyrus do?

A

Processes emotional distress and pain. It drives the bodies response to unpleasant experiences

52
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Controls hormone release from various glands in the body.

53
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

It stores early memories and then transfers them to long term memory. It also turns off the stress response.

54
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

Aids in empathy and fear.

55
Q

What structures are in the brainstem?

A

The diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain

56
Q

What is in the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

57
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Passes on sensory info en route to the cortex, except for smell.

58
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Controls homeostasis, regulates hormone secretion.

59
Q

What is in the midbrain?

A

The ventral tegmental area (reward processing) and the substantia nigra.

60
Q

What is in the hindbrain?

A

The pans and the medulla

61
Q

What does the pons do?

A

Connects the cerebellum to the brainstem.

62
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

Controls breathing and heart rate

63
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Maintains homeostasis; controls autonomic functions. Also involved in balance and fine movements of the limbs and face

64
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Monitors and regulates motor behavlours; particularly automatic movements

65
Q

What cells are in the brain?

A

The neuron, microglia, astrocute, oligodendrocytes

66
Q

What does the neuron do?

A

Transmits info; basic functional cell of the NS

67
Q

What is the microglia?

A

Brain immune cell that eats damaged neurons and foreign invaders.

68
Q

What does an astrocyte do?

A

Provides support to neurons

69
Q

What does an oligodendrocyte do?

A

Surrounds the axon of a neuron with myelin to speed up signal transmission

70
Q

What’s a soma?

A

The cell body (contains the nucleus)

71
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Branches coming off the cell body

72
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

Attaches the soma to the axon

73
Q

What is white matter?

A

Oligodendrocytes

74
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Cell bodies not surrounded by myelin sheath

75
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A cluster of neuron cell bodies

76
Q

What is the node of ranvier?

A

The gaps between the myelin sheath.

77
Q

What are a bundle of axons called in the CNS?

A

A tract

78
Q

What are a bundle of axons called in the PNS?

A

A nerve

79
Q

What are axon terminals?

A

Branches that release info for dendrites to pickup.

NEUR 1202 (2 decks)

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