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Psych 230 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Higher cognitive processing, executive function

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2
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Touch, proprioception, speech

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3
Q

Temporal lobe

A

speech memory hearing

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4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

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5
Q

Ventricular system

A

System of build filled cavities inside the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (csf)

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6
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

(Csf) acts as a shock absorber for the brain und a medium for exchange of nutrients r waste removal

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7
Q

Major ventricles

A
  • 2 Lateral ventricles
  • 3rd ventricle
  • 4th ventricle
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8
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

Contains choroid plexus which makes CSF

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9
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connects 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle and allows CSF to circulate

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10
Q

Olfactory bulbs

A

Smell

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11
Q

Optic chasm

A

Visual input crosses over to contralateral sides of the brain

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Motivation & the ifs; feeding, fleeing, fighting, B fornicating

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13
Q

Pons

A

Balance, sleep

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14
Q

Medulla

A

Heart rate, respiration

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15
Q

Spinal cord

A

Voluntary movement, pain, sensation

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16
Q

Mammillary bodies

A

Memory

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17
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Hemisphere communication

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18
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Attention

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19
Q

Fornix

A

Major axon projection from hippocampus

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20
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory input

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21
Q

Choroid plexus

A

In lateral ventricle, makes CSF

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22
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Low level visual processing

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23
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Low level auditory & vestibular processing

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24
Q

Vestibular system

A

Balance, sense of spatial orientation

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25
Pineal gland
Endocrine functions believed to be the connection between intellect body, produces melatonin
26
Hippocampus
Memory
27
Amygdala
Emotion & memory
28
Dura mater
Outermost layer, toughest, touches skull
29
Pia mater
Delicate inner most layer, adheres tightly to surface of the brain.
30
Arachnoid
Layer between dura mater and pia mater, space within this layer filled with Csf
31
Meninges
3 protective sheets of tissue that surround the brain and the spinal cord, dura mater pin mater and arachnoid
32
Dorsal
Back/top of head
33
Ventral
Towards belly or jaw
34
Rosteral(anterior)
Towards the nose
35
Caudal (posterior)
Towards the back of head
36
Medial
Towards the middle of the brain
37
Lateral
Towards the sides
38
Planes
Sagitail, coronal, horizontal
39
Tectum
Superior and inferior colliculus together
40
Arborization
A fine branching structure at the end of a nerve fiber
41
Camino Golgi
Created Golgi staining call of the neuron but only some neurons
42
Santiago Ramon y cajal
Improved Golgi staining method with silver impregnation
43
W waldeyer
Produced the theory of the neuron doctrine instead of I large system, with synapses as contact points for information transmittance
44
Frank Nissl
Nissl stain that stains all neurons but only their cellbodies
45
Efferent
Information leaving (outgiving)
46
Afferent
Incoming information
47
Retino-geniculate
Conscious vision
48
Retino-tectal
Unconscious processing of motion
49
Retino-hypothalamic
Light detection and sensitivity
50
Vagus nerve
Part of the parasympathetic nervous system that can slow down the heart through the left ear, cell bodies largely in the medulla (motor/ efferent) and vagal ganglia (sensory and afferent )
51
Cytoarchitecture
Staining can reveal different layers of the brain and where axon $ cell bodies are
52
Nuclei
Central nervous system cell bodies
53
Ganglia
Peripheral nervous system cell body
54
Fiber tract
Central nervous system axon handle
55
Nerves
Peripheral nervous system axon bundle
56
Innervation
Connection and communication, commonly by nerves
57
White matter
Contains axons(sensory), cell bodies are in dorsal root ganglion
58
Grey matter
Contains cell bodies (motor neurons)
59
Sciatic nerve
Longest nerve in the body
60
Astrocytes
A glial cell that Control blood flow in the brain and spinal cord; includes metabolism/synthesis of neurotransmitters
61
Microglial cells
Immune system of the brain that cleanup areas of injury
62
Oligodendrocyte
Produce and maintain myelin sheath in central nervous system
63
Schwann cells
Produce & maintain myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system (one segment of one axon)
64
Presynapse
Electrical signal conduction to neuro chemical signal via the release of neurotransmitters
65
Post synaptic
Where neurotransmitter binds resulting in the release of an electrical signal or another neurochemical transmitter: can be in the dendrites or cell body
66
Hyperpolarization
Increase in polarity/asymmetry across the membrane- increase in voltage(-70mv to-90 mv)
67
Depolarization
Decrease in voltage, asymmetry, and polarity (-70mv to -40mv)
68
Influx
Flow of molecules into the cell and the intracellular-space
69
Efflux
Ions flowing outward towards extracellular space
70
Tetrodotoxin (ttx)
Blocks voltage of Na channels
71
Tetraethylammonium (tea)
Blocks k* channels for depolarization
72
Sodium potassium pump
3 Na plus ions out for every 2 k plus ions pumped in; requires I ATP per cycle
73
Palytoxin
Opens all gates of sodium potassium pump
74
Saltatory impulse
Passive electric currents through myelinated axons: nodes of ranvier are boosters to the current (150m/sec)
75
Nodes of ranvier
Gaps in myelination of the axon that speed up action potentials boosts passive current
76
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Sensory information
77
Caudate nucleus and pulamen
Movement; learning, reward, motivation emotion, and form the basal nucleus which has striatum that initiate voluntary movements and coordinate slow skeletal muscle contractions (posture and balance)

Psych 230 (1 decks)

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