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Psych 230 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Higher cognitive processing, executive function

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2
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Touch, proprioception, speech

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3
Q

Temporal lobe

A

speech memory hearing

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4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

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5
Q

Ventricular system

A

System of build filled cavities inside the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (csf)

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6
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

(Csf) acts as a shock absorber for the brain und a medium for exchange of nutrients r waste removal

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7
Q

Major ventricles

A
  • 2 Lateral ventricles
  • 3rd ventricle
  • 4th ventricle
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8
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

Contains choroid plexus which makes CSF

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9
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connects 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle and allows CSF to circulate

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10
Q

Olfactory bulbs

A

Smell

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11
Q

Optic chasm

A

Visual input crosses over to contralateral sides of the brain

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Motivation & the ifs; feeding, fleeing, fighting, B fornicating

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13
Q

Pons

A

Balance, sleep

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14
Q

Medulla

A

Heart rate, respiration

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15
Q

Spinal cord

A

Voluntary movement, pain, sensation

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16
Q

Mammillary bodies

A

Memory

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17
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Hemisphere communication

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18
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Attention

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19
Q

Fornix

A

Major axon projection from hippocampus

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20
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory input

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21
Q

Choroid plexus

A

In lateral ventricle, makes CSF

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22
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Low level visual processing

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23
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Low level auditory & vestibular processing

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24
Q

Vestibular system

A

Balance, sense of spatial orientation

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25
Q

Pineal gland

A

Endocrine functions believed to be the connection between intellect body, produces melatonin

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26
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

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27
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotion & memory

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28
Q

Dura mater

A

Outermost layer, toughest, touches skull

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29
Q

Pia mater

A

Delicate inner most layer, adheres tightly to surface of the brain.

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30
Q

Arachnoid

A

Layer between dura mater and pia mater, space within this layer filled with Csf

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31
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective sheets of tissue that surround the brain and the spinal cord, dura mater pin mater and arachnoid

32
Q

Dorsal

A

Back/top of head

33
Q

Ventral

A

Towards belly or jaw

34
Q

Rosteral(anterior)

A

Towards the nose

35
Q

Caudal (posterior)

A

Towards the back of head

36
Q

Medial

A

Towards the middle of the brain

37
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the sides

38
Q

Planes

A

Sagitail, coronal, horizontal

39
Q

Tectum

A

Superior and inferior colliculus together

40
Q

Arborization

A

A fine branching structure at the end of a nerve fiber

41
Q

Camino Golgi

A

Created Golgi staining call of the neuron but only some neurons

42
Q

Santiago Ramon y cajal

A

Improved Golgi staining method with silver impregnation

43
Q

W waldeyer

A

Produced the theory of the neuron doctrine instead of I large system, with synapses as contact points for information transmittance

44
Q

Frank Nissl

A

Nissl stain that stains all neurons but only their cellbodies

45
Q

Efferent

A

Information leaving (outgiving)

46
Q

Afferent

A

Incoming information

47
Q

Retino-geniculate

A

Conscious vision

48
Q

Retino-tectal

A

Unconscious processing of motion

49
Q

Retino-hypothalamic

A

Light detection and sensitivity

50
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Part of the parasympathetic nervous system that can slow down the heart through the left ear, cell bodies largely in the medulla (motor/ efferent) and vagal ganglia (sensory and afferent )

51
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

Staining can reveal different layers of the brain and where axon $ cell bodies are

52
Q

Nuclei

A

Central nervous system cell bodies

53
Q

Ganglia

A

Peripheral nervous system cell body

54
Q

Fiber tract

A

Central nervous system axon handle

55
Q

Nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system axon bundle

56
Q

Innervation

A

Connection and communication, commonly by nerves

57
Q

White matter

A

Contains axons(sensory), cell bodies are in dorsal root ganglion

58
Q

Grey matter

A

Contains cell bodies (motor neurons)

59
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Longest nerve in the body

60
Q

Astrocytes

A

A glial cell that Control blood flow in the brain and spinal cord; includes metabolism/synthesis of neurotransmitters

61
Q

Microglial cells

A

Immune system of the brain that cleanup areas of injury

62
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Produce and maintain myelin sheath in central nervous system

63
Q

Schwann cells

A

Produce & maintain myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system (one segment of one axon)

64
Q

Presynapse

A

Electrical signal conduction to neuro chemical signal via the release of neurotransmitters

65
Q

Post synaptic

A

Where neurotransmitter binds resulting in the release of an electrical signal or another neurochemical transmitter: can be in the dendrites or cell body

66
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Increase in polarity/asymmetry across the membrane- increase in voltage(-70mv to-90 mv)

67
Q

Depolarization

A

Decrease in voltage, asymmetry, and polarity (-70mv to -40mv)

68
Q

Influx

A

Flow of molecules into the cell and the intracellular-space

69
Q

Efflux

A

Ions flowing outward towards extracellular space

70
Q

Tetrodotoxin (ttx)

A

Blocks voltage of Na channels

71
Q

Tetraethylammonium (tea)

A

Blocks k* channels for depolarization

72
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

3 Na plus ions out for every 2 k plus ions pumped in; requires I ATP per cycle

73
Q

Palytoxin

A

Opens all gates of sodium potassium pump

74
Q

Saltatory impulse

A

Passive electric currents through myelinated axons: nodes of ranvier are boosters to the current (150m/sec)

75
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps in myelination of the axon that speed up action potentials boosts passive current

76
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

Sensory information

77
Q

Caudate nucleus and pulamen

A

Movement; learning, reward, motivation emotion, and form the basal nucleus which has striatum that initiate voluntary movements and coordinate slow skeletal muscle contractions (posture and balance)

Psych 230 (1 decks)

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