Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Fissures:
1. what separates the L and R hemispheres?
2. what separates the frontal and temporal lobes?
3. what separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 1

1. Longditudinal fissure
2. Lateral/sylvian fissure
3. central sulcus

Question 2

Gyri vs sulci

Answer 2

Gyri are the cortex, sulci are grooves

Question 3

What lies between the 2 hemispheres of cerebellum?

Answer 3

Vermis (worm like)- it is the site of termination of spinocerebellar pathways

Question 4

What counts as brainstem?

Answer 4

Midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 5

What is midbrain?

Answer 5

Cerebral peduncles, colliculi, tegmentum

Question 6

What is the uncus?

Answer 6

In the temporal lobe- houses the olfactory cortex

Question 7

Route of optic nerve to brain?

Answer 7

Optic nerve–> optic chiasm–> optic tract–> thalamus–> occipital cortex

Question 8

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 8

Sits behind (posterior to) the optic chiasm and inferior to the hypothalamus

Question 9

What is diencephalon?

Answer 9

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 10

What is forebrain?

Answer 10

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 11

What is telencephalon?

Answer 11

cerebral cortex (4 lobes)

Question 12

What/where is the dural venous sinus?

Answer 12

The DVS is the space between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

Question 13

3 layers/sheet extensions of dura?

Answer 13

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebeli
Tentorium cerebelli (between occipital and cerebellum)

Question 14

What is in the SA cisterns?

Answer 14

Filled with CSF. They are formed where the arachnoid and pia are not in close contact

Question 15

Where is the sigmoid sinus?
Where does it drain to?

Answer 15

Mastoid part of temporal bone
Goes through the jugular foramina into the jugular vein

Question 16

What travels through the cavernous sinus?
Clinical significance?

Answer 16

ICA, CN III, IV, V (opthalmic and maxillary), VI
Route for infection into brain

Question 17

What are the ventricles?

Answer 17

Filled with CSF

Question 18

Ventricle names

Answer 18

Lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle

Question 19

3 horns of lateral ventricles

Answer 19

anterior horn- into frontal lobe
posterior horn- into temporal lobe
inferior horn- into occipital lobe

Question 20

3rd ventricle- which structures flank it?

Answer 20

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 21

what connects the lateral and 3rd ventricles?

Answer 21

Foramen of monroe

Question 22

what connects 3rd and 4th ventricles?

Answer 22

cerebral aqueduct (passes through midbrain)

Question 23

what sits anterior and posterior to the 4th ventricle?

Answer 23

anterior- pons and medulla
posterior- cerebellum

Question 24

Where does the ACA run and supply?

Answer 24

Runs over corpus callosum
Supplies medial structures and strip surrounding longditudinal fissure

Question 25

Where does MCA run?

Answer 25

Runs in lateral sulcus (between frontal and temporal)- supplies lateral cortex

Question 26

Where does posterior circulation supply?

Answer 26

Hindbrain and inferior/posterior cerebrum

Question 27

what does PCA supply?

Answer 27

Occipital, inferior and medial temporal lobes

Question 28

3 cerebella arteries

Answer 28

superior cerebellar anterior inferior posterior inferior

Question 29

how many communicating arteries in circle of willis?

Answer 29

2 anterior (connects 2 ACAs) posterior (connects basillar and ICA)

Question 30

where do the external cerebral veins drain?

Answer 30

Into the DVS

Question 31

Where does the ICA enter the skull?

Answer 31

Through the carotid canal in the temporal bone

Question 32

Where is the optic canal? What does it contain?

Answer 32

In the sphenoid bone- contains the opthalmic artery and optic nerve

Question 33

most anterior bone on skull base?

Answer 33

ethmoid bone

Question 34

What runs through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 34

Superior opthalmic vein

Question 35

What does the middle meningeal artery supply? Where does it travel?

Answer 35

Skill, skull, dura Travels through foramen spinosum

Question 36

What does the internal acoustic meatus contain?

Answer 36

Labrinthyine artery, CN VII, VIII Can get pulsatile tinitus- hear own heart beat when pulsating artery is pressing against cochlear component of VIII