Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Forebrain
3 structures
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- basal ganglia
thalamus
(part of sensory, motor, and cognitive networks)
contributes to … (2x)
through its role in … (1)
- alertness
- attention
- activating the cerebral cortex
Thalamic nuclei involved in memory processing …(2x)
Lesions of nuclei …(2x)
- anterior nucleus
- dorsomedial nucleus
- impaired encoding/learning
- impaired retrieval
Hypothalamus (=chronic inpatient)
regulates… (2x)
such as …(3x)
- homeostasis drive
- physiological drives
- appetite
- sexual arousal
- thirst
hypothalamus lesions (2x)
- autonomic dysregulation
- endocrine dysregulation
hypthalamus includes (1x)
mammillary bodies
mammillary bodies
are involved in … (2x)
- memory encoding
- memory consolidation
basal ganglia
includes (5x)
- caudate
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- subthalamic nucleus
- substantia nigra
basal ganglia
regulates (2x)
- speed
- timing
of movements
lesions in basal ganglia (1x + 4x)
- dyskinesias resting tremor bradykinesia rigidity chorea
basal ganglia
has major role in (2x)
- executive functioning (i.e. regulating various cognitive functions)
- procedural learning
Midbrain
includes (4x)
- part of RAS
- motor pathways
- superior colliculi (visual processing pathways)
- inferior colliculi (auditory processing pathway)
midbrain lesions (1x)
- altered consciousness (if RAS damaged)
hindbrain
structures (3x)
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
pons
runs b/w xxx and xxx
lesions cause (1)
- cerebral cortex + cerebellum
- cerebellar signs
cerebellum
regulates (2x)
- coordination of fine movements
- maintaining posture
cerebellum lesions (1x +3) + (1x)
- ataxias
action tremor (poor fine-motor coordination)
balance difficulties
jerkey eye movements
- disrupt cognitive functions
medulla (= vegetable)
regulates …(1x +3)
- basic life-maintaining functions
respiration
blood pressure
heartbeat
lesions in medulla (3x)
- death
- coma
- altered consciousness
Limibic system
consists of (3x) + their location
- anterior cingulate cortex (medial frontal lobe)
- hippocampal formation (temporal)
- amygdala (temporal)
anterior cingulate cortex
is located in (1x)
medial frontal lobes
anterior cingulate cortex
contributes to (1x + 2x)
- executive functioning
- response selection
- directed attention
anterior cingulate cortex
is part of … (1x)
papez circuit (memory encoding + consolidation)
white matter tracts (2x) + what they do
- commissures (corpus callouss + anterior commissure) - send signals b/w hemispheres
- association fibers - send signals b/w 2 regions in same hemisphere