Neuro_Unit 3_Lec 1

Question 1

Synaptogenesis

Answer 1

synapse formation

Question 2

Nuerogenesis

Answer 2

generation of new nuerons

Question 3

Synapse numbers at birth, age 3 and adulthood

Answer 3

birth- 2,500
age 3- 15,000
Adult- 8,000

Question 4

Which synapses are pruned?

Answer 4

Experience/ learning determines which connections will be strengthened and which will be pruned.

Question 5

Areas where neurons are made throughout your lifetime

Answer 5

Subventricular zone

Subgranular zone within the hippocampus-memory

Question 6

Claudius Galenus

Answer 6

Dissections on animal cadavers, described difference btw motor and sensory nuerons, and agonists vs antagonists

Question 7

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 7

Believed brain and nervous system are the center of the mind- Went against Church.

Question 8

3 basic functions of the nervous system

Answer 8

1. ) Sensation
2. ) Perception
3. ) Action

Question 9

Central nervous system parts

Answer 9

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 10

Peripheral nervous system parts

Answer 10

Cranial nerves and Spinal Nerves

Question 11

4 distinguishing features of an advanced nervous system

Answer 11

1. ) Cellular specializations
2. ) Areal specializations (collections of cells grouped together for common purpose)
3. ) Functional cooperation (ensembles of neurons acting in synchrony to produce desired outcome)
4. ) Adaptability and high information storage capacity

Question 12

What did Cajal and Golgi do?

Answer 12

Discovered there are over 200 different types of neurons from staining the brain tissue.

Question 13

Neurons with large dendritic anchors tend to do what?

Answer 13

collect and integrate information (ex Pyramidal and Purkinje cells)

Question 14

Bipolar cells tend to do what?

Answer 14

act as relay stations

Question 15

Astrocytes

Answer 15

Glial cells that provide mechanical and metabolic support for neurons.

1. ) control transport of substances from the blood to neural tissue
2. ) coordinate nerve pathway development

look like stars

Question 16

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 16

Glial cells that provide electrical insulation for a few adjacent neurons by forming part of the myelin sheath for their axons.

have limited number of dendritic processes

Question 17

Microglia

Answer 17

Glial cells that provide a protective function to nervous tissue and can become phagocytic.

Question 18

What did Galvani do?

Answer 18

Frog leg experiment

Question 19

Sensory receptors in the skin

Answer 19

1. ) Free nerve endings with little myelin (pain and temperature)
2. ) Thicker myelinated axons (light tough, vibration, sustained pressure)

Question 20

Knee jerk response

Answer 20

1. ) Hammer tap stretches tendon
2. ) Tendon stretches sensory receptors in leg extensor muscle
3. ) Sensory neuron excites motor neuron in spinal cord and spinal interneuron
4. ) Motor neuron conducts action potential to synapses on extensor muscle fibers, causing contraction.
5. ) Interneuron synapse inhibits motor neuron to flexor muscles which therefore relaxes.
6. ) Leg extends

Question 21

3 major functional classes of neurons

Answer 21

1. ) Sensory/ Afferent
2. ) Motor/ Efferent
3. ) Interneurons

Question 22

Afferent neurons

Answer 22

Sensory- long dendrite, short axon

Question 23

Efferent neurons

Answer 23

Motor- long axon, short dendrite

Question 24

The size of the representation in the somatosensory cortex is directly proportional to ____?

Answer 24

The number and density of sensory fibers (not on the size of the body part)