NEURO UNIT 2

Question 1

Lesion on the Right Optic Nerve causes

Answer 1

Right Eye blindness

Question 2

Lesion on the right lateral to the optic chiasm causes

Answer 2

Right Eye blindness and left lower impairment

Question 3

Lesion on the optic chiasm causes

Answer 3

Left Homogenous Hemianopsia

Question 4

Lesion on the right optic tract causes

Answer 4

Left Homogenous Hemianopsia

Question 5

Lesion on the Myers Loop (Optic Radiations) causes

Answer 5

Upper Left Superior Quadrinopia

Question 6

Lesion on the Right Lateral Geniculate Nucleus causes

Answer 6

Left Homogenous Hemianopia

Question 7

Lesion on the Right Superior Optic Radiation causes

Answer 7

Left Homogenous Contralateral Left Inferior Quadrinopia

Question 8

Lesion on the Right Optic Radiation causes

Answer 8

Left Homogenous Hemianopsia

Question 9

Temporal is what side of the eye

Answer 9

Outside of the eye

Question 10

Nasal is what side of the eye

Answer 10

Inside of the eye

Question 11

Optic Neuritis is

Answer 11

inflammation of the optic nerve (CN II)

Question 12

Double Vision most common cause is

Answer 12

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)
- damage to the white matter pathways (MLF)

Question 13

Nystagmus is

Answer 13

an involuntary movement of the eyes that is rhythmic
- INO
- Cerebellum is involved

Question 14

Primary Supranuclear Palsy symptoms

Answer 14

• Vertical gaze palsy
• postural instability
• axial rigidity
  -behavioral changes

Midbrain degeneration is damage to the rostral interstitial nucleus and is seen by a hummingbird sign on a MRI

Question 15

What two Cranial Nerves are often injured together due to wrapping around each other?

Answer 15

CN VII and CN VI
(Facial and Abducens)

Lateral gaze palsy and ipsilateral facial paralysis

Question 16

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

Answer 16

White matter pathway that connects CN III, IV, and VI

-coordinates lateral gaze

Question 17

Retinohypothalamic Pathway function

Answer 17

Regulates sleep wake cycles

Question 18

Retinohypothalamic pathway -

Answer 18

1. Specialized cells in retina
2. Optic Nerve
3. Hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus)
4. Spinal Cord (sympathetic ganglia)
5. Pineal Gland (Release melatonin)

Question 19

Accommodation Reflex is driven by

Answer 19

CN III and midbrain

Question 20

Accommodation Reflex function

Answer 20

1. Prepare for near viewing
2. Changing the shape of the lens
3. Pupillary constriction
4. Convergence of the eyes

Question 21

Accommodation Reflex Pathway

Answer 21

1. Primary Visual Pathway
2. Visual Association areas
3. Supraoculomotor Nuclei in Midbrain
4. Edinger Westphal nucleus (Iris Sphincter and Ciliary muscles of lens)
5. CN III Motor (convergence)

Question 22

Midbrain visual projection to Edinger-Westphal nucleus function

Answer 22

Control the amount of light that reaches the retina

Question 23

Midbrain visual projection to Edinger-Westphal nucleus pathway

Answer 23

1. Light
2. CN II
3. Pretectal area of Midbrain
4. Bilateral Projections (Edinger-Westphal nucleus)
5. Parasympathetic neurons to CN III
6. Synapse on pupillary sphincter muscles

Question 24

Midbrain visual projection to superior colliculus function

Answer 24

Spatial map for orientating of the head

Question 25

Midbrain visual projection to superior colliculus pathway

Answer 25

Reflexive Pathway
2. CN II
3. Optic Tract
4. Superior Colliculi
5. Auditory information is integrated in superior colliculi
Attentional Pathway
1. CN II
2. Optic Tract
3. Superior Colliculi
4. Dorsal / Ventral stream and thalamus (pulvinar nuclei)

Question 26

Dorsal Stream

Answer 26

Where and How to
Analyzes motion and spatial relationships

Question 27

Ventral Stream

Answer 27

What/Objects processing
Analyzes forms, color, size, texture
Assigns meaning