Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Terminology > Neuro Terminology > Flashcards

Neuro Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Allodynia

A

Non-noxious stimulus produces pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Analgesia

A

Loss of pain sensitivity (inability to feel pain)

Do NOT get confused with analgesic - means it helps relieve pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causalgia

A

Burning painful sensation, often along nerve distruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Touch sensation produces pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Heightened sensitivity to (pain) noxious stimuli

Noxious thresholds to stimulate are dropping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyperasthesia

A

Heightened sensitivity to sensory stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypoalgesia

A

Decreased sensitivity to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal sensation with no apparent cause (eg. numbness, tingling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paresis

A

Muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tone

Definition & Abnormalities

A

Resistance of muscles to passive elongation while the individual is attempting to stay relaxed (residual contraction at rest)

Hypertonia: INC tonicity (above resting levels)
- Spasticiity
- Rigidity

Hypertonia: DEC tonicity (below normal resting levels)

Dystonia: disordered tonicity = contractions can cause twisting or withering mvmts &/or abnormal posturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spasiticity

Definition & Types

A

Velocity DEPENDENT resistance to passive elongation
INC stretch = INC resistance

CLASP-KNIFE RESPONSE - spastic catch followed by sudden inhibition (letting go) in response to a passive elongation of a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rigidity

Definition & Types

A

Velocity INDEPENDENT hypertonic state of muscle

LEADPIPE Rigidity: Constant uniform resistance throughout entire range of motion
COGWHEEL Rigidity: Hypertonic state with rachet-like jerkiness during muscle elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dystonia

Definition & Types

A

A movement disorder that is characterized by involuntary twisting and repetitive mvmts, abnormal fixed postures, and disordered tone

Dystonic posturing: co-contaction of muscles causing a sustained abnormal posture

Generalized: start to develop dystonic postures/mvmts - normally starts in legs & moves up
Focal (only one body part): ex. torticollis
Segmental (affects two or more adjacent areas): ex torticollis + UE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Postural Control

A

The ability to maintain stability and orientation (with the COM over the BOS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Postural Orientation

A

The ability to maintain appropraite control of body segments in relation to each other and gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Balance

A

Ability to maintain COM within the BOS. All forces acting on the body must be balanced in order to maintain balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Center of Mass

A

An imaginary balancing point representing the average position of all the parts of the system according to their masses. Aslo known as Center of Gravity (CoG)

Naval - COM on a human

** COM does not have to be inside someone’s body - can lay outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Base of Support

A

The area of the body or an extension of the body in contact witha support surface (ie chair or assistive device)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Limits of Stability (LOS)

A

The maximum distance that one can lean to without losing balance or having to change the BOS

COM in relation to that imaginary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Apraxia

A

Motor planning.

The loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

An impairment in recognizing visually presented objects &/or ppl, despite otherwise normal visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, and memory. Patients can recognize objects using other sensory modalities

22
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Prosopagnosia (also known as face blindness or facial agnosia) is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces.

23
Q

Dysarthria

A

Motor speech disorder affecting the mm used to produce speech
- Speech may be slow, and/or slurred and can be difficult to understand

24
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language (speech or written) affecting comprehension &/or production

Receptive -> fluent -> Wernicke’s aphasia
Expressive -> Broca’s aphasia
Global aphasia

25
Receptive Aphasia
Difficulty with comprehension of lanuage - Speech flows smoothly & meldoy of speech is preserved * Fluent aphasia or Wernicke's aphasia
26
Expressive Aphasia
Diffulty with the production of speech - Flow is slow & hestiant, limited vocabulary (content words), and impaired syntax (agrammatism) **Comprehension is not affected**
27
Global Aphasia
Diffculty with language comprehension and production - Indictative of extensive brain damage - Limited the pt's ability to learn, t/f affects the outcomes of rehab
28
Dysphagia | Definition & Complications
Difficulty swallowing - Aspiration occurs in 1/3 of pt w/ dysphagia -> lead to respiratory distress, aspiration pneumonia, and possibly even death - If severe, Nothing-per-oral (NPO) prescautions / liquid orders are given = tube feeding - Dysphagia is associated with dehydration and poor nutritional status
29
Cogntive Dysfunction: Memory
Impairment in alertness, orientation, attention, memory, or executive functions Memory - Short-term memory may be affected, long term memory unaffected - Memory gaps may be filled with made-up stories or inappropriate words (confabulation)
30
Cognitive Dysfunction: Perseveration
Impairment in alertness, orientation, attention, memory, or executive functions Perseveration: - Persistent repetition of words, thoughts, or gestures w/o appropriate context - Pt gets "stuck" & repeats words or acts * PT: Give the pt limits to stop OR assign a time in the day to think/do repeated actions Often seen in stroke and autism
31
Pseudobulbar Affect
Sudden & unpredictable outburts of crying, laughing, or other emotional displays not consistent with mood - Quickly changes from one extreme to another - Also known as emotional liability or emotional dysregulation syndrome
32
Apathy
Blunted emotional response - May be mislabeled as depressed or having poor motivation - Do NOT give up on patient or DEC lvl of care
33
Euphoria
Exaggerated feelings of well-being and happiness that are not consistent w/ the context
34
Depression | Definition and Affects
Persistent feelings of sadness * PSEUDOMOTOR SLOWING - motor changes due to depressed state (not directly d/t stoke) **LT hemisphere lesions may experience more frequent and severe depression** - Not only a result of their physical impairments - must have something to do with the LT side of the brain
35
Anosognosia
Anosognosia is a neurological condition in which the patient is unaware of their neurological deficit or psychiatric condition. It is associated with mental illness, dementia, and structural brain lesion, as is seen in **right hemisphere** stroke patients
36
Somatagnosia
Asomatognosia is a neurological disorder characterized as loss of recognition or awareness of part of the body. - Not able to recognize body parts & relationships with each other & spatial relationships of those body parts - TEST: Take a doll & ask them to assemble it - usually put limbs/head in wrong spot
37
Spatial Relations Syndromes
Difficulty perceiving relationships between self and objects in space. Inability to recognize vertical, horizontal, depth, and distance
38
Agnosia
Inability to intrepret sensory information (despite intact sensations). This results in an impairment in recognition - Visual agnosia - use less visual clues, less clutter, good lighting - Auditory agnosia - more visual/tactile cues, limit nosiy environments - Tactile agnosia (astereognosis) * No issues with the structure responsible for the sense JUST cannot recognize it
39
Apraxia
A motor disorder causing difficulty **planning** and peforming tasks or purposeful movements - No primary motor impairments - More evident with **LEFT hemipshere** damage
40
What hemisphere lesion is more likely to experience apraxia?
LEFT hemisphere
41
IDEATIONAL Apraxia
Inability to produce purposeful movement on command or automatically - No idea how to do the movement (cannot conceptualize or plan)
42
IDEOMOTOR Apraxia
Inability to produce purposeful movement on command, but is able to perform movement automatically - can perform habitual tasks when not asked to do so, but cannot perform if asked to do so - often perseverates
43
Stupor
Almost unresponsive state. Can be aroused briefly with vigorous, repeated stimulation
44
Obtuned
Decreased alertness. Sleeps often
45
Anomia
Difficulty remembering names, proper nouns, or other abstract nouns
46
Anterograde Amnesia
Not remembering anything from the injury forward - Likely to remember information prior to the insult/injury (ie recognize family/friends
47
Retrograde Amnesia
Not remembering events prior to injury - May initially be very long, but may partially resolve. May never remember events leading up to injury
48
Post-traumatic Amnesia
The time between the injury and when the patient is able to recall recent events
49
Asthenia
Generalized muscle weakness commonly found in **cerebellar lesions**
50
Paroxysmal
A fit, attack, or sudden increase or recurrence of symptoms (as of a disease)
51
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
52
Dyskinesia
Dyskinesias are involuntary, erratic, writhing movements of the face, arms, legs or trunk. They are often fluid and dance-like, but they may also cause rapid jerking or slow and extended muscle spasms.

Terminology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions