Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Rehab Exam 2 > Neuro Rehab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Neuro Rehab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

UE D1 Flexion

A

Scapula: elevation, abduction, and upward rotation
Shoulder: flexion, abduction, and external rotation
Elbow: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Wrist/fingers: flexion, radial deviation, and thumb adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

UE D1 Extension

A

Scapula: depression, adduction, and external rotation
Shoulder: extension, abduction, and internal rotation
Elbow: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Wrist/fingers: extension, ulnar deviation, and thumb abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

UE D2 Flexion

A

Scapula: elevation, adduction, and upward rotation
Shoulder: flexion, abduction, and external rotation
Elbow: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Wrist/fingers: extension, radial deviation, and thumb extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

UE D2 Extension

A

Scapula: depression, abduction, and downward rotation
Shoulder: extension, adduction, and internal rotation
Elbow: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Wrist/fingers: flexion, ulnar deviation, and thumb opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LE D1 Flexion

A

Pelvis: protraction
Hip: flexion, adduction, and external rotation
Knee: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Ankle/Toes: dorsiflexion and inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LE D1 Extension

A

Pelvis: retraction
Hip: extension, abduction, and internal rotation
Knee: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Ankle/Toes: plantarflexion and eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LE D2 Flexion

A

Pelvis: elevation
Hip: flexion, abduction, and internal rotation
Knee: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Ankle/Toes: dorsiflexion and eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LE D2 Extension

A

Pelvis: depression
Hip: extension, adduction, and external rotation
Knee: flexion or extension while moving or extended throughout
Ankle/Toes: plantarflexion and inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bilateral Symmetric Patterns

A

Movement of both extremities simultaneously; either flexion or extension together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bilateral Reciprocal Patterns

A

Reciprocal performance of one diagonal pattern by either both upper or both lower extremities

Movement of both extremities occurs in different directions

One limb flexes while one limb extends in the same diagonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bilateral Asymmetrical Patterns

A

Bilateral performance of the two diagonal patterns by either B UE or LE

Movement of both extremities occurs simultaneously in the same direction

Both extremities extend or flex together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Crossed Diagonal Patterns

A

Reciprocal performance of the two diagonal patterns by either B UE or LE

Movement of both occurs simultaneously in different directions

One limb flexes in one pattern, one limb extends in the other patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chop

A

Upper trunk flexion pattern that combines bilateral asymmetrical extension patterns of the UE

Used for trunk stability and to promote trunk flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lift

A

An upper trunk extension pattern that combines bilateral asymmetrical flexion patterns of the UE

Used for trunk stability and to promote trunk extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Precautions for Casting

A 
Poor skin integrity/small wounds
Fluctuating edema (CHF, dialysis)
Decreased sensation
Cognitive impairment
Agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contraindications for Casting

A 
Uncontrolled HTN
Major open wounds 
External fixator/unhealed fracture
Need to access the extremity
Recent autonomic dysfunction
Impaired circulation
Acute inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale Scores

A

Range from 3-15
13-15= mild
9-12= moderate
<9=severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test

purpose and scoring

A

Purpose: looks at post-traumatic amnesia, guide to severity of damage through impairment of consciousness

Scores:
76-100= normal
66-75= borderline
<66= impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

O-Log

populations and purpose

A

For acute/IP-R patients daily tracking of orientation

Scored 0-3

Score of 2 versus 3 depends on cueing the patient needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coma Recovery Scale

appropriate populations

A

Designed to help patients in Rancho levels 1-4

Predictive for where patients will be in a year

Higher score- higher level of functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Agitated Behavior Scale (scores)

A

Grades 1-4

Higher score is worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rappaport Disability Rating Scale

A

Covers a wide range of fxnl areas and is used to classify levels of disability from death to no disability

Score= 0-30 (death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rancho Levels 1-3

A

Prevent indirect/secondary impairments (positioning/stretching/ROM)

Sensory stimulation for arousal- rhythmic initiation

Upright activity challenge

Family education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rancho Level 4

A

Confused/agitated

More aware of the environment, but also respond to their own internal confusion

Facilitation for movement

Perception/sensory integration

Endurance/activity tolerance

Safety- unpredictable, irrational, and illogical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Rancho Level 5 and 6

A

Confused but will follow simple commands

Basic mobility and ADLs

Task oriented and meaningful exercises

Motor control- coordination, tone, and movement patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rancho Level 7 and 8

A

Concussion

Acute management- rest and decreased physical/cognitive exertion

Ongoing symptomalogy will depend on their specific deficits (dual tasks, vocational rehab, self-responsibility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Concussions:

Immediate Signs and Symptoms

A 
Vacant Stare
Delayed motor and cognitive processing
Disorientation
Slurred Speech
Memory Deficits
LOC
Nausea/vomiting
Headache 
Dizziness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Concussions:

Ongoing Signs and Symptoms

A 
Cognitive Impairment
Headache
Balance Deficits
Dizziness
Fatigue
Difficulty reading/focusing
Photo/Phono-sensitivity
Fogginess
Amnesia 
Sleep disturbance(too much or too little)
Irritability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Good Prognosis after Concussion

A 
Typically do better, earlier
Loss of Consciousness
Vomiting
Age <13 y/o
No previous concussions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bad Prognosis after Concussion

A

Age>13 years old
Amnesia
History of: Previous concussions (exponential), Migraines, Anxiety, Ocular deficits (strabismus), Learning disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Unhappy Triad of Concussions

A

History of

1) Previous concussions (exponential
(2) Migraines
(3) Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction

A

Due to labyrinth or CN 8 problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Central Vestibular Dysfunction

A

Due to brainstem, pons, medulla problem

34
Q

Examples of Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction

A 
Vestibular Neuronitis
Labyrinthitis
Meniere’s Disease
Acoustic Neuroma
Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction (BVH)
BPPV- mechanical problem of otoconia
35
Q

Examples of Central Vestibular Dysfunction

A 
Vestibular Migraine
MS
TBI
Cerebellar degeneration
Cerebellar or vertebral artery infarct
Arnold-chiari malformation
36
Q

ALS Clinical Signs and Symptoms

A

Early symptoms may include twitching, cramping, stiffness of muscles, weakness of an arm or leg, slurred and nasal speech, difficulty chewing or swallowing

Symptoms may affect one leg, contributing to awkwardness when walking, or more frequent tripping or stumbling; in the arm, individuals may have difficulty in simple manual dexterity tasks like buttoning the shirt, using a key

These general complaints then develop into more obvious weakness or atrophy

Abnormal reflexes may emerge, as well as fasciculations – both UMN and LMN involvement

37
Q

Stages of ALS

A

Early stage–>ALS manifests as a variety of signs and symptoms recognized by the pt as abnormal – they may or may not cause some fxnl limitation

Middle stage–> Increasing signs and symptoms and increasing number and severity of impairments – min to mod fxnl limitations

Late stage–>Numerous and increasingly severe impairments, becomes dependent, requires a ventilator

38
Q

Guillian Barre Syndrome Clinical Signs and Symptoms

A

Typical presentation is ascending symmetric weakness, tingling (LE > UE)

These symptoms increase in intensity and can lead to total paralysis
Involves PNS, so LMN signs

39
Q

Direct Approach to PNF

A

Application of exercise techniques and elements to an affected area

40
Q

Indirect Approach to PNF

A

Application of exercise techniques and elements to an unaffected area to gain overflow excitation or relaxation effects to an affected part

41
Q

Three pieces of the PNF Procedure

A

(1) Activity- any developmental posture and the movements occurring within that posture
(2) Technique- type of contraction used
(3) Element- type of sensory input used in the treatment to facilitate/inhibit a response

42
Q

UE flexion is associated with …

A

External rotation

43
Q

UE extension is associated with …

A

Internal rotation

44
Q

Bilateral UE flexion facilitates…

A

Trunk extension

45
Q

Bilateral LE extension facilitates…

A

Trunk extension

46
Q

Traction

What is it used for?
What are the contraindications?

A

Used to promote movement with pulling or antigravity movements and decrease pain

Contraindications: increased pain, lig injury, unstable joints

47
Q

Approximation

What is it used for?
What are the contraindications?

A

Used to promote stability

Contraindications: increased pain, fracture, joint replacements, and inflammatory conditions

48
Q

Appropriate Resistance

What are the contraindications?

A

Increased pain, fracture, valsalva, tendon surgeries, muscle flaps, and reconstructions

49
Q

Quick Stretch

What is it used for?
What are the contraindications?

A

Used to trigger the stretch reflex to facilitate initiation of motion or enhance the muscle contraction

Used to facilitate voluntary movements and increase the strength of voluntary contraction

Contraindications: increased pain, fracture, joint instability, and creating dominant reflexes

50
Q

Rhythmic Initiation

A

Unidirectional technique to enhance initiation and promote motor learning

Used to promote relaxation initially and treat people having difficulty initiating motion due to hypertonia

“Let me move you” or “Help me move you”

51
Q

Rhythmic Stabilization

A

Isometric technique used for stabilization of an unstable joint/posture by facilitating co-contraction at a joint

“Hold and don’t let me move you”

52
Q

Slow Reversal

A

Utilizes slow, rhythmical, concentric contractions of the total agonistic patterns and then the antagonistic pattern without relaxing

Used to promote increased strength, ROM, coordination, and power; also facilitates contraction of the antagonist

“Pull or Push”

53
Q

Repeated Contractions

A

Utilize stretch reflex to promote initiation of muscle activity to reinforce and strengthen an existing contraction

54
Q

Agonistic Reversals

A

Alternates between concentric and eccentric contractions of the agonistic movement pattern

Does NOT facilitate opposing muscle group

Used to increase strength and ROM

55
Q

Hold/Relax

A

Isometric technique to increase ROM due to muscle tightness or pain

56
Q

Contract/Relax

A

Combo of isometric and isotonic contractions to increase ROM due to muscle tightness

Not good for pain because the build up of tension is immediate and release is aburpt

57
Q

Define concussion

A

Trauma-induced alteration in mental status that may or may NOT involve a loss of consciousness

From a direct OR indirect blow

58
Q

Acute management of concussion

A

Any signs or symptoms shown from the previous page warrants an immediate removal from activity

NO athlete diagnosed with a concussion should be returned to sports participation on the day of the injury d/t second impact syndrome

Cognitive and physical rest

No exertion until all signs and symptoms resolve (symptoms > 7-10 days require additional treatment)

59
Q

Concussion RTP Protocol

A 
Light aerobic
Sport Specific 
Non-contact training
Full contact training
RTP
**Need 24 hours within each stage to account for rebound potential
60
Q

Concussion RTW Protocol

A 
Partial duty
Lower productivity
Slow return to machinery and heights
Reduced screen time
RTW
61
Q

Optokinetic Reflex

A

Functions during movement of visual images (smooth pursuit or saccades)

62
Q

Cervico-ocular Reflex (COR)

A

Functions during movement of head relative to the body

63
Q

Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)

A

Generates appropriate tone to maintain upright position

64
Q

Vestibulo-ocular Reflex (VOR)

A

Functions during movement of head relative to gravity

Stabilizes images on the retina during head movement

Produces eye movement in opposite direction of head movement to maintain image

65
Q

What is the gain?

A

Need a ratio of one to see clearly

Eye movement/ Head movement

66
Q

Four rules of vestibular nystagmus

A
  1. Clearly defined fast and slow components
  2. Named for the direction of the fast phase
  3. Not direction changing or position dependent
  4. Increased by removal of fixation and gaze in direction of the fast phase
67
Q

Oscillopsia

Definition
Cause
Patient Complaint

A

Definition: Illusion of movement of the of the visual environment

Cause: impaired VOR leads to retinal slip (uni or bilat)

Patient complaint: vision is blurry, everything bounces when I move

68
Q

Unilateral Vestibular Dysfunction (UVH)

Etiology
S+S
Recovery

A

Etiology: viral infection, trauma, vascular insult, or tumor

S+S: spontaneous nystagmus, constant vertigo, oscillopsia, and impaired balance

Recovery: few days to few months

69
Q

Acute UVH

A

Reduction in the neural firing rate on the injured side

The brain perceives this as a rotation to the strong side

Resolves after 1-7 days

70
Q

Chronic UVH

A

Impaired VOR creates dizziness with head movements

Decreased dynamic visual acuity

71
Q

Vestibular Neuritis

Etiology
S+S
Lesion Site
Treatment

A

Etiology: viral infection of CN 8

S+S: acute onset vertigo (48-72 hrs) , dizziness and oscillopsia with quick head movements for weeks, intense/ constant spinning vertigo

Lesion Site: typically affects the superior vestibular nerve

Treatment: vestibular suppressants and bed rest for 1-3 days, vestibular therapy, exercise

72
Q

Labyrinthitis

S+S
Treatment

A

S+S: acute onset vertigo (48-72 hrs) , dizziness and oscillopsia with quick head movements for weeks, intense/ constant spinning vertigo

Treatment: steroids for hearing loss, meds + bed rest for 3 days, vestibular therapy

73
Q

Meniere’s Disease

Etiology
S+S (during and after attack)
Lesion Site
Treatment

A

Etiology: Due to anatomic, infections, immunologic/allergic factors

S+S (during): sudden onset of vertigo (>20 min, <2g/d), diuretics or vestibular suppressants, intratympanic gentamycin injections, endolymphatic shunt/labyrinthectomy/vestibular neurectomy, PT for patients with chronic imbalance/dizziness between attacks

74
Q

Acoustic Neuroma

Etiology
S+S
Treatment

A

Etiology: tumor from Schwann cells of the vestibular portion of CN 8

S+S: progressive unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, brief vertigo/imbalance, facial paralysis/pain, cerebellar signs (HA, mental status changes, nausea/vom, ocular changes)

Treatment: surgical resection of tumor or gamma knife radiation, monitor for 6 mo, PT for gaze stabilization, habituation, and balance training

75
Q

BVH

Etiology
S+S
Exam Findings
Treatment

A

Etiology: ototoxicity (aminoglycosides, aspirin, chemotherapeutic agents), presbystasis, meningitis, autoimmune disease, congenital malformation, otosclerosis, polyneuropathy, tumors, endolymphatic hydrops

S+S: oscillopsia, disequilibrium, and head movement induced dizziness, NO VERTIGO

Exam Findings: rotary chair test, impaired DVA (>2 line loss), increased sway with eyes closed, wide BOS with gait, positive head thrust bilaterally

Treatment: Substitution exercises (recruiting non-vestibular capacities such as COR and proprioceptive and visual control for gaze stabilization, balance and gait), Fall prevention/compensatory strategies, Assistive device, Patient education (time frame for recovery is up to 2 years)

76
Q

Migraine Associated Dizziness

Symptoms
Etiology
Lesion Site
Treatment

A

Symptoms: dizziness (true vertigo, motion sensitivity, lightheadedness, imbalance), nausea, HA, fatigue, photo/phono-phobia, motion sensitivity, tinnitus, aural pressure (B), visual fog

Etiology: central (asym activation or deactivation of vestibular neuronal activity through release of NT) or
peripheral (transient change in blood flow to labyrinth due to VC/VD)

Lesion Site: labyrinth, vestibular nuclei, sensory collection, and processing centers of the brain

Treatment: eliminate triggers (stress/anxiety, foods), meds, therapy, aerobic exercise

77
Q

Canalisthisasis

A

Vertigo lasts <60 seconds

Otoconia are floating freely through the canals

78
Q

Cupulolisthiasis

A

Vertigo lasts >60 seconds

Otoconia have adhered to the cupula

79
Q

Geotropic

A

Beating down toward the ground when they’re laying on that side

80
Q

Ageotropic

A

Beating down toward the ground when they’re laying on the opp side

81
Q

Distinguish between vertigo, lightheadedness, and unsteadiness

A

Vertigo- actual movement/rotation of the room or their head
Lightheadedness- do they feel faint or their head is a “balloon on a string”
Unsteadiness- dysequilibrium

Neuro Rehab Exam 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions