Neuro PTS Flashcards
Symptoms facial nerve palsy
Facial weakness
Altered taste (anterior 2/3 tongue)
Unable to close eyes
Hyperacusis (sensitivity to sound)
Distinguishing feature of UMN lesion vs LMN lesion in a facial nerve palsy
UMN: frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles preserved (forehead sparing) - lesion A
LMN: forehead muscles NOT preserved - lesion B
Causes of LMN facial nerve palsy + treatment for each (2)
Bell’s palsy - steroids
Ramsay Hunt (herpes zoster) - acyclovir
Clinical presentation of trigeminal neuralgia
Stabbing pains
Unilateral
Usually 1 distribution
No symptoms between attacks
Examples of pain relief in trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
Gabapentin/lamotrigine/phenytoin
Median nerve muscle innervation (4)
LOAF
Median nerve origination
C5 - T1
Median nerve sensory innervation
2 treatments for a median nerve lesion
Splinting
Corticosteroid injection
Peripheral nerve revision
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
nerves of the foot
Symptoms of UMN lesion
Everything goes UP
Hyperreflexia
Hypertonia
Up going plantars
Spasticity
Symptoms of LMN lesion
Hyporeflexia
Hypotonia
Types of MND
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - most common
Progressive bulbar palsy - second most common (primarily affects talking + swallowing)
Progressive muscular atrophy
Primary lateral sclerosis
ALS pathophysiology
Progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurones - sensory neurones are spared
Genetic component 5-10% cases (family history important)
Typical ALS patient presentation
Late middle aged man possibly with an affected relative
Insidious progressive weakness of the muscles throughout the body affected the limbs, trunk, face and speech (often first noticed in the upper limbs)
Clumsiness,
Dysarthria (slurred speech)
