Neuro - Preading Flashcards
What areas / questions are covered in a neurological systems review?
- Headaches
- Fits / falls / LOC
- Memory problems
- Balance / coordination problems
- Vision problems
- Photophobia & neck stiffness
- Hearing difficulties
- Speech problem
- Swalling problem
- Weakness
- Numbness / tingling / paresthesia
- Incontinence or erecticle dysfunction
What are some features of Cluster headaches?
Features:
- Pattern - high frequency over a period of weeks –> then months of symptom free (i.e. clustering)
- occur at night (characteristically)
- Duration - 15 mins - 3 hours
- Better or worse? - unable to stay still during
- Other symptoms?
- Eye involvement (unilateral autonomic dysfunction); red eye, eye watering, nasal congestion
What are some features of migraine headaches?
Features:
- Pattern - spread out over the year
- Duration - hours to days
- Better or worse?
- lying down in dark room
- multiple triggers
- Other symptoms:
- Aura symptoms
- Nausea / vomiting
- Photophobia
- Phonophobia
What condition is most associated with “Sudden onset, excruciating headache”?
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
What condition is best associated with “Facial tenderness and rhinorrhoea”?
Sinusitus
What condition is best associated with “Pain around eye, blurred vision with halos around lights”?
Acute glaucoma
What condition is best associated with “20 minute unilateral, debilitating episodes of retro-orbital pain with red eye and eye watering”?
Cluster headaches
What condition is best associated with “headache triggered by changes in position or exertion. Changes in vision with leaning forward”?
Increased intracranial pressure
List as many headache ‘Red-Flags’ as you can. (10 total)
- Sudden-onset headache reaching max intensity < 5 mins (subarachnoid haemorrhage)
- Headache with fever (meningitis)
- New onset neurological deficit
- New onset cognitive dysfunction
- Change in personality
- Impaired level of consciousness
- Recent head trauma (< 3 months)
- Headache triggered by cough, valsalva, sneeze, exercise or change in posture (↑ ICP)
- Headache + jaw claudication and scalp tenderness (GCA)
- Headache + halos around lights or headaches that get worse in the dark (acute narrow-angle glaucoma)
What TLOC condition is best associated with “Chest pain, brteathlessness and collapse on exertion”?
Aortioc stenosis
What TLOC condition is best associated with “palpitations or chest pain beforehand, family history of sudden exaplained death”?
Arrhythmia / cardiogenic syncope
What TLOC condition is best associated with “triggered by; fear, pain, micturition or prolonged standing. Preceded by pallor, nausea or sweating. No confusion afterwards”?
Vasovagal syncope
What TLOC condition is best associated with “Collapse on shaving or turning the head”?
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
What TLOC condition is best associated with “triggered by vigorous exercise in a young person”?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) / cardiogenic syncope
What TLOC condition is best associated with “Being told off by teachers for seemingly daydreaming”?
Absence seizures