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Step 1 Pharm > Neuro Pharm > Flashcards

Neuro Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Linezolid

A

For: Serious Gram + infections, VR Enterococcus, MRSA
Toxicity: Serotonin Syndrome, when combined with SSRI, or SNRI
MOA: ….Weak MAOI

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2
Q

Clindamycin

A

For: Clostridium Difficile

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3
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Neuromuscular excitation: Hyperreflexia, CLONUS, myoclonus, rigidity
Autonomic Stimulation: Hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, vomiting/diarrhea
Altered mental status: Agitation, confusion
Often occurs w/ addition of MAOI or excess tryptophan (converted to 5-HT)
Treat w/ serotonin R antagonists - cyproheptadine or short acting anti-hypertensives

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4
Q

Vancomycin

A

Toxicity: Red Man Syndrome (flushing, erythema, pruritis)

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5
Q

What side effects continue after carbidopa is added to levodopa?

A

Anxiety and agitation (hot flashes, tacharrythmias, nausea/vomiting, postural hypertension would all decrease)

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6
Q

Clozapine

A

For: Schizophrenia (Better in treatment resistant patients)
MOA: Acts on D4 receptors
Toxicity: Agranulocytosis (monitor with CBC to look at WBC), seizures

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7
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Toxicity: Prolonged QT (monitor w/ ECG)

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8
Q

Carbamazepine

A

For: Seizures (complex partial), trigeminal neuralgia, and mania.
Toxicity: Mild rise in liver enzymes (monitor w/ LFT)

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9
Q

Lithium

A

For: manic and depressive episodes, maintenance
MOA: modify adenyl cyclase and PIP pathways
Toxicity: Hypothyroidism (monitor w/ TSH and T3/T4 assays), diabetes, tremor, and Ebstein’s anomaly (tricuspid doesn’t work)

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10
Q

Atropine

A

For: Bradycardia (many others)
MOA: Blocks Muscarinic Receptors (dec vagal influence)
Toxicity: Mydriasis in eye may cause acute close-angled glaucoma

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11
Q

Zolpidem

A

For: Insomnia
MOA: binds GABA-A, enhances GABA, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic
less dependence, not anticonvulsant, not muscle relaxant

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12
Q

Modafinil

A

For: Narcolepsy (1st line), daytime sleepiness

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13
Q

B-Blockers

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis (for glaucoma); no pupil changes

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14
Q

Cholinomimetics

A

Increase aqueous humor outflow (for glaucoma); Miosis - opens trabecular meshwork

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15
Q

Penicillins/Cephalosporins

A

Irreversibly bind penicillin-binding proteins aka transpeptidases

Resistance: Change in protein structure; B lactamases break down the rings

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16
Q

Valproic Acid

A

For: Absence (2nd line), myoclonic and Tonic Clonic seizures. also treats mania (mood stabilizer) and trigeminal neuralgia (2nd line).
Toxicity: hepatotoxicity and neural tube defects

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17
Q

Ethosuxamide

A

For: Absence (1st line)
MOA: reduces Ca++ currents in T type Ca++ channels in neurons, inhibiting propagation

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18
Q

Prophylaxis for Nisseria Meningitidis

A

Rifampin

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19
Q

SSRI most common side effect

A

Sexual Dysfunction

20
Q

CYP 450 Inducers

A

Chronic alcohol use, Modafinil, St. John’s Wort, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Nevirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine

21
Q

CYP 450 Inhibitors

A

Acute alcohol use, Gemifibrozil, Ciprofloxacin, Isoniazid (can cause full blown hepatitis), Grapefruit Juice, Quinidine, Amiodarone, Ketoconazole, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Cimetidine, Ritonavir

22
Q

Carbamazepine’s BIG side effects

A

Aplastic anemia (monitor CBC), agranulocytosis, hyponatremia, neural tube defects.

23
Q

Citalopram’s BIG side effect (SSRI)

A

Sexual Dysfunction

24
Q

Clozapine’s BIG side effects

A

Agranulocytosis and seizures

25
Q

Lamotrigine

A

For: refractory partial, tonic clonic seizures. depressed phase of bipolar
Toxicity: STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME

26
Q

Risperidone’s BIG side effect

A

Hyperprolactinemia, EPS

27
Q

Trazodone’s BIG side effects

A

Priapism (painful erection), orthostatic hypotension, sedation

28
Q

Lithium’s BIG side effects

A

Hypothyroidism, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Congenital anomalies (preggers problems)

29
Q

Phenelzine

A

For: atypical depression characterized by mood reactivity, rejection sensitivity, and increased sleep and appetite; first line didn’t work
MOA: MAOI

30
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

For: atypical depression characterized by mood reactivity, rejection sensitivity, and increased sleep and appetite; first line didn’t work
MOA: MAOI

31
Q

On Off Phenomenon

A

Characteristic of advanced Parkinson, unpredictable and dose dependent. sudden loss of L-dopa effects leads to hypokinesia and rigidity.

32
Q

Levodopa

A

For: Parkinson
MOA: crosses BBB, increases dopamine levels in brain
Toxicity: arrhythmias, dyskinesia from long term use
Contra: vitamin B6 which increases its peripheral metabolism

33
Q

Lorazepam

A

For: active seizures, acute anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal
MOA: enhances GABA affinity for its R by increasing the frequency of chloride channel openings

34
Q

Olanzapine

A

For: psychotic and mood disorders
MOA: 2nd gen antipsychotic
Tox: weight gain, metabolic syndrome, lower seizure threshold

35
Q

Sertraline

A

For: major depression, OCD, anxiety.
MOA: SSRI

36
Q

Short Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Alprazolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam

less drowsiness or risk of fall. highest risk of dependence

37
Q

Long Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Chlordiazepoxide, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Flurazepam

greater daytime drowsiness and risk of fall. lower risk of dependence

38
Q

Bupropion

A

For: major depression, tobacco dependence, hypoactive sexual disorder
MOA: inhibits presynaptic reuptake of DA and NE (more DA)
Tox: seizures (esp. in those with AN or BN)

39
Q

Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant and neuroprotective agent that may slow functional losses in alzheimers

40
Q

Memantine

A

For: Alzheimers
MOA: NMDA R antagonist

41
Q

Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

A

ACh esterase inhibitors

For: Alzheimers

42
Q

Baclofen

A

For: trigeminal neuralgia (2nd line)

43
Q

Tiagabine

A

For: refractory partial seizures
MOA: inhibits GABA reuptake

44
Q

Topiramate

A

For: refractory partial seizures
MOA: blocks Na channels and enhances effect of GABA

45
Q

Vigabatrin

A

For: refractory partial seizures
MOA: inhibits GABA transaminase and increases GABA concentration

46
Q

Gabapentin

A

For: refractory partial seizures
MOA: increases brain GABA concentration

Step 1 Pharm (1 decks)

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