Neuro-Ophthlamic Anatomy Flashcards
What are the three connections between the facial bones and skull base?
maxillary and zygomatic bones (anteriorly) and pterygoid process of the sphenoid bones (posteriorly)
What structres pass through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, and VI; V1; superior ophthalmic vein; sympathetics
what bone does the optic canal pass through?
lesser wing of the sphenoid
where do the three divisions of CN V exit the skull?
V1: superior orbital fissure
V2: foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale
where does the middle meningeal artery pass through the skull?
foramen spinosum
Name the bones that make up the roof, lateral wall, floor, and medial walls of the orbit, respectively
roof: frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid
lateral: greater wing of sphenoid and zygomatic
floor: zygomatic, maxillary, and palatine
medial: maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid, spheniod
What forms the medial wall of the optic canal?
sphenoid sinus
what structure connects the orbital cavity to the cavernous sinus?
superior orbital fissure
what does the inferior orbital fissure transmit?
V2, infraorbital vessels, inferior ophthalmic vein, branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion, parasympathetic fibers that innervate the lacrimal gland, and collateral meningeal arteries (that connect external and internal carotid circulation)
where does the common carotid artery divide into internal and external branches?
at the C2 level, near the angle of the jaw
what are the branches to the ophthalmic artery?
central retinal artery, short posterior ciliary arteries, lacrimal artery, frontal artery (which then splits into the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries), branches to the extraocular muscles, the anterior ciliary arteries (major suppliers to the ciliary body), long posterior ciliary arteries
where does the central retinal artery enter the optic nerve?
10-12 mm posterior to the globe
what forms the blood-retina barrier?
tight junctions of the retinal arteries and arterioles
what does the anterior choroidal artery supply?
the optic tract and the lateral geniculate nucleus
what is optic tract syndrome?
injury or infarction to the anterior choroidal artery leading to contralateral homonymous hemianopia, contralateral band atrophy to the optic disc, and contralateral RAPD (contralateral RAPD because >50% of optic nerve fibers decussate at the chiasm)
