Neuro-Ophthalmic Anatomy Flashcards
What are these structures?
The bony anatomy of the skull base.
What is demonstrated in these images?
The bony anatomy of the right orbital apex and the intracranial view of the left optic canal.
What does the image describe?
Anterior to the superior orbital fissure.
What are the parts described in these images?
The orbital roof, lateral orbital wall, orbital floor, and medial orbital wall.
What are the structures surrounding the orbit?
The frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses.
What does the image demonstrate?
The relationship of the internal carotid artery and optic nerve within the lateral wall of the sinus.
What does the image represent?
The anterior view of the superficial arterial supply to the eyelids and anterior orbit.
What type of arterial supply is demonstrate?
The arterial supply to the orbit and globe.
What are the two arteries seen in this image?
The internal carotid artery and external carotid artery.
What are these branches?
The branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
What is this view?
Lateral view of the bend of the internal carotid artery (ICA) within the right cavernous sinus.
What does the image represent?
Schematic representation of the vascular supply to the optic nerve and ONH.
What does the image demonstrate?
Relationship of the lateral geniculate nucleus to nearby structures.
What arterial system is depicted?
Vertebrobasilar arterial system
What does it describe?
The occipital cortex and its blood supply.
What does the image demonstrate?
The venous drainage of the orbit.
What are these structures?
Anatomy of the cavernous sinus drainage system.
What does the image describe?
Basal view of the brain showing the anterior and posterior visual pathways.
What are the highlights of these images?
The pattern of the nerve fiber layer of axons and the lesions involving the nasal retinal fibers.
What is demonstrated in these images?
Damage to nasal and macular fibers of the retina and right optic nerve demonstrating bow-tie atrophy.
What is this structure?
The optic chiasm.
What is illustrated in these images?
The position of the optic chiasm in relationship to the tuberculum sella.
What part of the brain is this? And what does it shows?
Left occipital cortex and the location of striate cortex.
What are the regions highlighted in this image?
The striate cortex corresponding to the contralateral eye’s blind spot and the stripped area corresponds to the monocular temporal crescent.
What type of process is described? And what are the pathways?
The parallel visual processing pathways. The occipitotemporal or what pathway and the occipitoparietal or where pathway.
What movements are illustrated in this image?
The control of human eye movements.
What does the schematic diagram represent? And what does it shows?
The sagittal section of the brainstem and the location of the important structures in eye movements.
What are these structures? And what are the highlights?
The saccadic system and the cortical centers for saccades.
What is illustrated in this image? And what are the highlights?
The smooth pursuit system.
What does the scheme describe?
The synthesis of upward and downward eye movements.
What does the scheme describe?
The synthesis of signals for horizontal eye movements.
What does the schematic diagram demonstrate?
The brainstem network for saccade generation.
What does the schematic diagram in the first image describe? And what are the actions demonstrated?
The mammalian labyrinth. Motion transduction by the vestibular hair cells and action potential generated by shearing forces on the hair cell.
What type of cranial nerves is described?
Ocular motor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI).
What course of ocular motor nerves is demonstrated?
Intra-axial course of the ocular motor nerves at the level of the pons and midbrain.
What course is demonstrated? And what are the highlights in the second image?
Subarachnoid course and major blood vessels of the ocular motor nerves.
What course is this?
An intracavernous course of the ocular motor nerves.
What is this structure?
The oculomotor nucleus complex.
What functions of extraocular muscles are demonstrated?
The primary, secondary, and tertiary functions of the extraocular muscles.
What is this diagram?
The central pathways and peripheral innervation of CN V.
What does this lateral view of the orbit shows?
Sensory nerves.
What cranial nerve is described by these anatomical structures?
CN VII.
What does the pathway show?
The first-order central neuron, second-order intermediate neuron, and third-order neuron pathways.
What is this pathway?
Pathway of the pupillary reaction to light.
