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NEURO CLERKSHIP > Neuro-Oncology > Flashcards

Neuro-Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sub-types of astrocytomas?

A
  1. Pilocytic
  2. Anaplastic
  3. Glioblastoma Multiforme
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2
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?

A

Astrocytoma

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3
Q

What demographic is most affected by pilocytic astrocytomas?

A

Children and young adults

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4
Q

What is the usual location of a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

Around the ventricles and in the cerebellum

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5
Q

What histology is characteristic of pilocytic astrocytomas?

A

Rosenthal fibers

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6
Q

What is the demographic most affected by Glioblastoma Multiforme?

A

50s-70s

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7
Q

What are key histological features of glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Pseudopalisading cells with central necrosis

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8
Q

What is a common presentation of glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Seizures and focal neurological defect

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9
Q

What is the demographic most affected by oligodendrogliomas?

A

40s-50s

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10
Q

What is the location of oligodendrogliomas?

A

Supra-Tentorial

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11
Q

What is the common presentation of an oligodenroglioma?

A

Seizures (supra-tectorial location)

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of an oligodendroglioma?

A

Fair. 5-10 year survival and often able to resect/ chemo/ rads.

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13
Q

What is the histological appearance of an oligodendroglioma?

A

Fried-egg appearance of the cells

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14
Q

What gene deletions are assessed for with oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas?

A
  1. Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and the 1p/19q co-deletion.
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15
Q

What is the significance of the IDH deletion?

A

Yields better outcome than wild-type tumors.

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16
Q

What is the significance of the 1p/19-q co-deletion?

A

Significant protective effect on the prognosis of oligodendrogliomas.

17
Q

What is the demographic most affected by ependymomas?

A

Children and young adults

18
Q

What is the location of ependymomas?

A

Infra- or supra- tentorial and also in the spinal cord. Common around the fourth ventricle.

19
Q

What is the histology of ependymomas?

A

Perivascular pseudorosettes

20
Q

What is the most common spinal cord glioma?

A

Epemdymoma

21
Q

What is a common presentation of an ependymoma?

A

Headache worse in the morning due to hydrocephalus from the tumor on the fourth ventricle.

22
Q

What is a common histology of the primitive neuroectodermal tumors?

A

Small round blue cell tumors.

23
Q

What is the demographic most affected by medulloblastoma?

A

Children

24
Q

What is the location of medulloblastoma?

A

Cerebellum (mid-line cerebellum and spinal cord)

25
Q

How is medulloblastoma treated?

A

Good response to radiation

26
Q

What is the histology of medulloblastoma?

A

Small round blue cell tumor with Homer-Wright Rosettes (cytoplasmic process in center)

27
Q

What is the most common primitive neuroectoderm tumor?

A

Medulloblastoma

28
Q

What tumor is associated with drop metastasis to the spinal cord?

A

Medulloblastoma

29
Q

What mutation is associated with Retinoblastoma?

A

Deletion of Rb tumor suppressor gene.

30
Q

What histological feature is associated with retinoblastoma?

A

True Rosettes

31
Q

What reflex is gone with retinoblastoma?

A

Loss of red reflex.

32
Q

What is the pharmacological treatment for a pituitary tumor?

A

Bromocriptine

33
Q

How is a meningioma treated?

A

Complete resection

34
Q

What is the histological feature of a meningioma?

A

Psammoma bodies and a dural tail on imaging

35
Q

What is the origin of a meningioma?

A

Arachnoid cells

36
Q

What are common sources of mets to the brain?

A

Lung, breast, melanoma, GI, renal

37
Q

What mets cause hemorrhage?

A

Renal, melanoma, and choriocarcinoma

38
Q

What tumors affect children?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymomas, and the PNETS (medulloblastoma and retinoblastoma).

39
Q

What tumors can go to the spine?

A

Ependymomas and medulloblastomas

NEURO CLERKSHIP (10 decks)

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