Neuro made easy

Question 1

Generalised weakness

• Nerve
• NMJ
• Muscul

Answer 1

Nerve - polyradiculpathy
NMJ - Myasthenia Gravis
Muscle - Myopathy

Question 2

Weakness all 4 limbs
UMN
LMN
Mixed
Muscle

Answer 2

UMN - cervical cord, brainstem
LMN - bilateral cerebellar, polyradiculopathy
Mixed - Peripheral neuropathy, MND
Muscle - myopathy

Question 3

Unilateral arm and leg weakness

UMN

Answer 3

Hemisection of cervical cord –> sensory signs
Brainstem lesion –> brainstem signs
Cerebral lesion –> hemisphere signs

Question 4

Weakness both legs

Answer 4

UMN - Spinal cord lesion
LMN - Cauda equina lesion
(Sphincter involvement in both)

Question 5

Single limb
UMN
LMN

Answer 5

UMN - lesion above highest involved level

LMN - single nerve: mononeuropathy, single root: radiculopathy

Question 6

Patchy weakness

Answer 6

UMN - multiple CNS lesions

LMN - polyradiculopathy
Multiple single nerves = ,mononeuritis multiplex

Question 7

variable weakness

Answer 7

consider functional or myasthenia gravis

Question 8

C5

Answer 8

Shoulder abduction, elbow flexion

Reflex: biceps

Question 9

C6

Answer 9

Elbow flexion (semi pronated), Reflex: supinator

Question 10

C7

Answer 10

Finger extension, elbow extension

Reflex: triceps

Question 11

C8

Answer 11

Finger flexors: finger

Question 12

T1

Answer 12

small muscles of hand

Question 13

Radial nerve

Answer 13

All extensors of arm

Question 14

Ulnar

Answer 14

All intrinsic hand muscles except ‘LOAF’

Question 15

Median

Answer 15

Lateral 2 lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 16

L1/2

Answer 16

Hip flexion

No reflex

Question 17

L3/4

Answer 17

Knee extension

Knee reflex

Question 18

L5

Answer 18

Dorsiflexion of foot, inversion and eversion of ankle, extension of great toe
Reflex - None

Question 19

S1

Answer 19

Hip extension, knee flexion, plantarflexion

Reflex- ankle

Question 20

Femoral nerve

Answer 20

Knee extension

Question 21

Sciatic

Answer 21

Knee flexion
Branches:
Posterior tibial - foot plantarflexion + inversion and small muscles of the foot
Common peroneal - dorsiflexion + eversion of the ankle

Question 22

Biceps Reflex

Answer 22

Musculocutaneous nerve

Root - C5 (6)

Question 23

Supinator reflex

Answer 23

Radial

Root - C6

Question 24

TricepsF

Answer 24

Radial

Root - C7

Question 25

Finger reflex

Answer 25

Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialise
Nerve - median and ulnar
Root - C8

Question 26

Knee reflex

Answer 26

Femoral nerve - L3/4

Question 27

Ankle reflex

Answer 27

Nerve - tibial

Root - S1/2

Question 28

Posterior column

Answer 28

Vibration/Joint position

LARGE fiber

Question 29

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 29

Light touch/pin prick/temp

Fibre - small

Question 30

Eye movement

Answer 30

Saccardic - frontal lobe
Pursuit - occipital lobe
Vestibular (positional) - cerebellar vestibular nuclei
Convergence - Midbrain

Question 31

Causes of horners syndrome

Answer 31

Carcinoma of the lung apex 
Neck - thyroid malignancy, trauma
Carotid arterial lesion 
Brain stem lesions - vascular disease/tumour 
Retro-orbital lesions 
Syringomyelia (rare)

Question 32

Lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 32

Horners syndrome
Nystagmus (to the side of the lesion(
Ipsilateral fifth (pain and temp), 9 and 10th CB
Ipsilateral cerebellar signs
Contra lateral pain and temperature loss over the trunk and limbs