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PED- TEST4- FINALEXAM- 100 Q'S! > Neuro Lecture- part 2 > Flashcards

Neuro Lecture- part 2 Flashcards

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What are the risk factors for shaken baby syndrome?

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Child’s Risk Factors
< 3 years old
Premature birth
Disabilities
Stepchild
First-born child
Previous maltreatment

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Family/Environmental Risk Factors for shaken baby syndrome/head trauma?

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Young/single parent
Lower education level
Unstable family situation
Stress factors
Domestic violence
Alcohol/drug abuse
Parental depression
Perpetrators
Fathers
Step fathers
Mothers
Babysitters

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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury is at risk because of?

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Anatomic vulnerability
Accelerated brain growth
Large head size
Thin pliable skulls
Heavy and unstable heads
Soft brains
Weak musculature

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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury red flags?

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Inconsistencies
Evasiveness/vagueness
Initial report of no trauma
Changing story
Delay in seeking medical help
Other fractures
Long bone
Salter-Harris - epiphysial plate injuries
+ Skeletal Survey

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abuse salter-harris injury?

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for abuse epiphyseal plate injuries & skeletal survey

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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury
history of present illness?

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Lethargy
Irritability
Vomiting
Fever
Poor feeding
Breathing abnormalities
Past injuries
Apnea
Bulging fontanel
Seizures

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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury what is the clinical picture?

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Hematoma
Intracranial hemorrhage
Subarachoid
Subdural
Epidural
Intraparenchymal
Cerebral edema
Retinal hemorrhages
Result of mechanical shaking forces
Number of hemorrhages
Posterior rib fractures
Skeletal fractures
Skull fractures

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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury dx studies & management?

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Diagnostic Studies:
CT
Skull radiographs

Management:
Observation
Admission
Surgery

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How do you report shaken baby syndrome?

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Emotionally challenging
A high index of suspicion
Remain objective
Identify the case (not the perpetrator)
Document, document, document!!!
Prevention with education is KEY

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What is unintentional traumatic brain injury?

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Mild to life threatening
3000 deaths each year in USA
Falls are greatest cause
Risky sports
Football, ice hockey, soccer….

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20
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Minor unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale of 15
Mental status at baseline
Normal neurological exam
No skull fracture

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Mild unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale 13-15
Brief loss of consciousness
Disorientation
Vomiting

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Moderate unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale 9-12
Variable loss of consciousness
Focal signs of neurological deficit
May have depressed skull fracture or intracranial hematoma

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23
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Severe unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale less than 8
Prolonged loss of consciousness
Focal signs of neurological deficit
Often have depressed skull fracture or intracranial hematoma

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What is Tourette syndrome?
Dr. George Gilles de la Tourette Neurological, inherited disorder Males > Females Average age of onset 7-10 years >200,000 Americans affected with severe form Genetic vulnerability
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What are the characteristics of Tourette syndrome?
Repetitious, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations Motor and vocal tics for at least 1 year Wax and wane Change over time Often misdiagnosed Frequently considered inconsequential Can be suppressed
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How do you make the dx for Tourette syndrome?
Making the Diagnosis DSM IV Vocal and motor tics are present. Tics occur through the day. Present for >1 year and no remission >3 months First signs before the age of 18 years No association with medical conditions or chemical substances (including medications)
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Obsessive compulsive syndrome?
Typically begins in early childhood or adolescence 1 in 200 children and adolescents Obsessions can interfere with social life and relationships, and school work May be caused by insufficient levels of neurotransmitters
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What are some obsessions for OCD?
Illogical thoughts Images Fears Doubts Orderly Aggressive impulses Underlying anxiety
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What are some compulsions for OCD?
Repetitive behaviors Washing Counting (evening up) Reworking things Checking and re-checking Thought to reduce obsessions Bad things will happen
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What are some questions for OCD?
Do you frequently think about unpleasant things that you can’t get out of your mind? Are you upset when your personal belongings get out of place and out of order? Do you have to count objects when you enter a room, before you can start your work assignment? Do you have to “even things up”, making sure your socks are at the same height? Do you feel the need to touch objects or people all the time? Does your child worry excessively about his/her health or the well being of close family members?
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What is OCD's impact on the classroom?
Complications in the morning Lag time in work completion Anxiety attacks during test taking Depression due to feelings being out of control = declining grades
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What are some treatment options for OCD?
Treatment options Cognitive-behavioral therapy Psychotherapy Counseling Support groups Medications SSRI’s Antidepressants Antipsychotics Exposure and Ritual/Response Prevention Biofeedback Hypnotherapy Massage
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What is autism?
Neurodevelopmental disability– *Spectrum Disorder *Pervasive Developmental Disorder Diagnosed Through? Social interaction/Communication Behavior patterns Sensory
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What are some statistics with autism?
1 in 59 children with diagnosis Rate increasing by 10-17% each year Male to female ratio 4:1 Recurrence rates within families is up to 50% higher than in general population
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What are some social skills that children with autism struggle with?
Poor eye contact Resistant to physical contact Unaware of others Plays alone Failure to initiate/develop/sustain relationships
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What are some common manifestations for autism?
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What happens to language for someone who has autism?
Regression Lack of desire Non-functional Scripted/echolalic (Involuntary parrotlike repetition of a word or sentence just spoken by another person ) “Pop-up words” Joint attention
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What happens with behavior and interest related to autism?
Repetitive, restrictive, and stereotyped Unyielding routines/rituals Preoccupation with parts or objects Hypersensitivity to sounds, touch or textures
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What are some sensory characteristics of autism?
Sounds Textures Smells Taste Sleep
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How do we evaluate autism?
CHAT -Check List for Autism In Toddlers M-CHAT –Modified CHAT STAT -Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds SCQ –Social Communication Questionnaire CAST -Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test ASSQ –Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire Multidisciplinary team
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What are some other things about autism?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Individual Education Program (IEP) - Based on child’s unique need Collaborative Team approach Must have clearly stated measurable goals Reviewed at least annually Must state any necessary adaptations The least restrictive environment Inclusion or mainstreaming
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What is an individual education program (IEP)
Based on child’s unique need Collaborative Team approach Must have clearly stated measurable goals Reviewed at least annually Must state any necessary adaptations The least restrictive environment Inclusion or mainstreaming
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How do you manage autism?
Educational Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) Functional behavior assessment (FBA) Functional Developmental Approach (Floor time) Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) Communication – receptive/expressive Augmentative & alternative communication (AAC) Picture Exchange Communication System Sensory Therapies -Brushing -Weights
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Management Educational Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) for autism what is it?
Applied= Principles applied to socially significant behaviors Behavioral= based on scientific principles of behavior Analysis= progress is continually measured and intervention adapted
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What does the A stand for in ABA for autism?
Applied= Principles applied to socially significant behaviors
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What is the B stand for in ABA for autism?
Behavioral= based on scientific principles of behavior
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What does the last A stand for in ABA for autism?
Analysis= progress is continually measured and intervention adapted

PED- TEST4- FINALEXAM- 100 Q'S! (5 decks)

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