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PED- TEST4- FINALEXAM- 100 Q'S! > Neuro Lecture- part 2 > Flashcards

Neuro Lecture- part 2 Flashcards

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What are the risk factors for shaken baby syndrome?

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Child’s Risk Factors
< 3 years old
Premature birth
Disabilities
Stepchild
First-born child
Previous maltreatment

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7
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Family/Environmental Risk Factors for shaken baby syndrome/head trauma?

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Young/single parent
Lower education level
Unstable family situation
Stress factors
Domestic violence
Alcohol/drug abuse
Parental depression
Perpetrators
Fathers
Step fathers
Mothers
Babysitters

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8
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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury is at risk because of?

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Anatomic vulnerability
Accelerated brain growth
Large head size
Thin pliable skulls
Heavy and unstable heads
Soft brains
Weak musculature

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9
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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury red flags?

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Inconsistencies
Evasiveness/vagueness
Initial report of no trauma
Changing story
Delay in seeking medical help
Other fractures
Long bone
Salter-Harris - epiphysial plate injuries
+ Skeletal Survey

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10
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abuse salter-harris injury?

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for abuse epiphyseal plate injuries & skeletal survey

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11
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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury
history of present illness?

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Lethargy
Irritability
Vomiting
Fever
Poor feeding
Breathing abnormalities
Past injuries
Apnea
Bulging fontanel
Seizures

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12
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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury what is the clinical picture?

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Hematoma
Intracranial hemorrhage
Subarachoid
Subdural
Epidural
Intraparenchymal
Cerebral edema
Retinal hemorrhages
Result of mechanical shaking forces
Number of hemorrhages
Posterior rib fractures
Skeletal fractures
Skull fractures

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13
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Shaken baby syndromeabusive head traumatraumatic brain injury dx studies & management?

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Diagnostic Studies:
CT
Skull radiographs

Management:
Observation
Admission
Surgery

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18
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How do you report shaken baby syndrome?

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Emotionally challenging
A high index of suspicion
Remain objective
Identify the case (not the perpetrator)
Document, document, document!!!
Prevention with education is KEY

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19
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What is unintentional traumatic brain injury?

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Mild to life threatening
3000 deaths each year in USA
Falls are greatest cause
Risky sports
Football, ice hockey, soccer….

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20
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Minor unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale of 15
Mental status at baseline
Normal neurological exam
No skull fracture

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21
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Mild unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale 13-15
Brief loss of consciousness
Disorientation
Vomiting

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22
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Moderate unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale 9-12
Variable loss of consciousness
Focal signs of neurological deficit
May have depressed skull fracture or intracranial hematoma

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23
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Severe unintentional head trauma?

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Glasgow coma scale less than 8
Prolonged loss of consciousness
Focal signs of neurological deficit
Often have depressed skull fracture or intracranial hematoma

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What is Tourette syndrome?

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Dr. George Gilles de la Tourette
Neurological, inherited disorder
Males > Females
Average age of onset 7-10 years
>200,000 Americans affected with severe form
Genetic vulnerability

29
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What are the characteristics of Tourette syndrome?

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Repetitious, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations
Motor and vocal tics for at least 1 year
Wax and wane
Change over time
Often misdiagnosed
Frequently considered inconsequential
Can be suppressed

30
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How do you make the dx for Tourette syndrome?

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Making the Diagnosis
DSM IV
Vocal and motor tics are present.
Tics occur through the day. Present for >1 year and no remission >3 months
First signs before the age of 18 years
No association with medical conditions or chemical substances (including medications)

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39
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Obsessive compulsive syndrome?

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Typically begins in early childhood or adolescence
1 in 200 children and adolescents
Obsessions can interfere with social life and relationships, and school work
May be caused by insufficient levels of neurotransmitters

40
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What are some obsessions for OCD?

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Illogical thoughts
Images
Fears
Doubts
Orderly
Aggressive impulses
Underlying anxiety

41
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What are some compulsions for OCD?

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Repetitive behaviors
Washing
Counting (evening up)
Reworking things
Checking and re-checking
Thought to reduce obsessions
Bad things will happen

42
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What are some questions for OCD?

A

Do you frequently think about unpleasant things that you can’t get out of your mind?

Are you upset when your personal belongings get out of place and out of order?

Do you have to count objects when you enter a room, before you can start your work assignment?

Do you have to “even things up”, making sure your socks are at the same height?

Do you feel the need to touch objects or people all the time?

Does your child worry excessively about his/her health or the well being of close family members?

43
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What is OCD’s impact on the classroom?

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Complications in the morning
Lag time in work completion
Anxiety attacks during test taking
Depression due to feelings being out of control = declining grades

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What are some treatment options for OCD?

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Treatment options
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Psychotherapy
Counseling
Support groups
Medications
SSRI’s
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Exposure and Ritual/Response Prevention
Biofeedback
Hypnotherapy
Massage

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What is autism?

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Neurodevelopmental disability–
*Spectrum Disorder
*Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Diagnosed Through?
Social interaction/Communication
Behavior patterns
Sensory

48
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What are some statistics with autism?

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1 in 59 children with diagnosis
Rate increasing by 10-17% each year
Male to female ratio 4:1
Recurrence rates within families is up to 50% higher than in general population

49
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What are some social skills that children with autism struggle with?

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Poor eye contact
Resistant to physical contact
Unaware of others
Plays alone
Failure to initiate/develop/sustain relationships

50
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What are some common manifestations for autism?

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51
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What happens to language for someone who has autism?

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Regression
Lack of desire
Non-functional
Scripted/echolalic (Involuntary parrotlike repetition of a word or sentence just spoken by another person )
“Pop-up words”
Joint attention

52
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What happens with behavior and interest related to autism?

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Repetitive, restrictive, and stereotyped
Unyielding routines/rituals
Preoccupation with parts or objects
Hypersensitivity to sounds, touch or textures

53
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What are some sensory characteristics of autism?

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Sounds
Textures
Smells
Taste
Sleep

54
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How do we evaluate autism?

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CHAT -Check List for Autism In Toddlers
M-CHAT –Modified CHAT
STAT -Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds
SCQ –Social Communication Questionnaire
CAST -Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test
ASSQ –Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire
Multidisciplinary team

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What are some other things about autism?

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Individual Education Program (IEP) -
Based on child’s unique need
Collaborative Team approach
Must have clearly stated measurable goals
Reviewed at least annually
Must state any necessary adaptations
The least restrictive environment
Inclusion or mainstreaming

57
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What is an individual education program (IEP)

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Based on child’s unique need
Collaborative Team approach
Must have clearly stated measurable goals
Reviewed at least annually
Must state any necessary adaptations
The least restrictive environment
Inclusion or mainstreaming

58
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How do you manage autism?

A

Educational
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
Functional behavior assessment (FBA)
Functional Developmental Approach (Floor time)
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication
Handicapped Children (TEACCH)

Communication – receptive/expressive
Augmentative & alternative communication (AAC)
Picture Exchange Communication System

Sensory Therapies
-Brushing
-Weights

59
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Management
Educational
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)

for autism what is it?

A

Applied= Principles applied to socially significant behaviors
Behavioral= based on scientific principles of behavior
Analysis= progress is continually measured and intervention adapted

60
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What does the A stand for in ABA for autism?

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Applied= Principles applied to socially significant behaviors

61
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What is the B stand for in ABA for autism?

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Behavioral= based on scientific principles of behavior

62
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What does the last A stand for in ABA for autism?

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Analysis= progress is continually measured and intervention adapted

PED- TEST4- FINALEXAM- 100 Q'S! (5 decks)

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