Neuro - Introduction

Question 1

What is the bony structure surrounding the brain?

Answer 1

skull

Question 2

What is the bony structure surrounding the spinal cord?

Answer 2

vertebral canal

Question 3

How many angular degrees separate the horizontal plane from the coronal plane?

Answer 3

90 degrees

Question 4

What type of muscle is innervated by fibers of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 4

striated muscle

Question 5

What are the 3 major embryological subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 5

• rhombencephalon - most caudal subdivision and consists of: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) and metencephalon (pons and cerebellum)
• mesencephalon - midbrain
• prosencephalon - cerebrum including diencephalon (“in-between” brain) and telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres and corpus striatum of the basal ganglia)

Question 6

What are the minor subdivisions of the hindbrain?

Answer 6

• myelencephalon - medulla oblongata

- metencephalon - pons and cerebellum

Question 7

What are the minor subdivisions of the forebrain?

Answer 7

• diencephalon - “in-between brain”

- telencephalon - cerebral hemispheres, corpus striatum of the basal ganglia

Question 8

What are the ventricular cavities of each subdivision of the brain?

Answer 8

• spinal cord - central canal
• rhombencephalon - 4th ventricle
• midbrain - cerebral aqueduct
• diencephalon - 3rd ventricle
• telencephalon - lateral ventricles (1st and 2nd)

Question 9

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 9

neuron

Question 10

List the 12 cranial nerves by name and number.

Answer 10

CN I - olfactory
CN II - optic
CN III - oculomotor
CN IV - trochlear
CN V - trigeminal (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular)
CN VI - abducens
CN VII - facial
CN VIII - vestibulocochlear
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X - vagus
CN XI - accessory
CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 11

What are the components of the brainstem?

Answer 11

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla

Question 12

Name the lobes of the cortex.

Answer 12

• frontal lobe
• occipital lobe
• temporal lobe
• parietal lobe

Question 13

What are the borders of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

lobe lies rostral to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure

Question 14

What are the borders of the occipital lobe?

Answer 14

lobe lies behind an imaginary line drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch

Question 15

What are the borders of the temporal lobe?

Answer 15

lobe lies below the lateral fissure and an imaginary extension drawn caudally to the occipital lobe

Question 16

What are the borders of the parietal lobe?

Answer 16

lobe occupies the remainder of the lateral surface not covered by another lobe

Question 17

Define ipsilateral.

Answer 17

the axon (tract) courses and/or terminates on the same side as its cell body (nucleus)

Question 18

Define contralateral.

Answer 18

the axon (tract) courses and/or terminates on the side opposite its cell body (nucleus)

Question 19

Define bilateral.

Answer 19

the axon (tract) divides and courses and/or terminates on both sides

Question 20

Define decussation.

Answer 20

fibers ascend/descend as they cross

Question 21

Define commissure.

Answer 21

fibers pass directly from one side to the other