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Haem i don't know > neuro i don't know > Flashcards

neuro i don't know Flashcards

1
Q

treatment parkinsons

A

only give treatment when symptomatic. no treatments are neuroprotective.

moa-b inhibitor (rasagiline)

carbidopa/ levodopa

dopamine agonsits- rotigotine

anticholinergic agents

amantadine- glutamate antagonist

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2
Q

symptoms associated with parkinsons

A 
depression 
fatigue 
cognitive impairment 
autonomic dysfunction 
sleep disturbance
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3
Q

complications of levodopa

A

dyskinesias

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4
Q

treatment of psychosis in parkinsons

A

lozapine

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5
Q

mild parkinsons- first line?

A

rasagilline

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6
Q

late stage parkinsons-

A

rivastigmine

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7
Q

diagnosis of parkinsons??

A

clinical- bradykinesia, resting tremor and ridgidity

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8
Q

management of ishchaemic stroke

A

<4.5 hours- thrombolysis and aspirin after 24 hours

> 4.5 hours- aspirin

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9
Q

management haemorrhagic stroke

A

control bp and supportive care.

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10
Q

how long off driving if TIA

A

1 month is single TIA

multiple TIA- 3 months off driving

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11
Q

diagnosis of MS

A

MRI + IV contrast

olgoclonic IgG bands in CSF.

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12
Q

treatment of acute MS

A

high dose steroid (oral or IV)

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13
Q

disease modifying drugs MS.

A

interferon beta
glatirmer
monoclonal antibody (tysabri, fingolomoid in treatment resistant ).
dimethyl fumarate

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14
Q

symptomtic management MS - fatigue

A

assume other underlyig cause.

do FBC, TSH, B12 and vitamin D levels, as well as a brief sleep history. amantadine

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15
Q

complication of interferon beta medications

A

metabolised throuh the liver- moniter hepatic function.

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16
Q

why is glatrimer not used first line

A

takes 6-9 months for clinical effect.

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17
Q

MS uscle pains

A

baclofen antispasmodic

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18
Q

MS antidepressant

A

amitryptalline

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19
Q

MS gait impairment

A

fampridine

K channel blocker that improves condction in demyelinated pathways

20
Q

alzheimers treatment

A

ach esterase ihibitors- donepazil and rivastigmine

glutamate inhibitors- memantine.

21
Q

most common cause of death in alzeheimers

A

bronchopneumonia

22
Q

lewy body dementia treatment

A

rivastigmine

23
Q

scan to diagnose parkinsons

A

DAT scan

24
Q

investigation pick’s disease

A

CT scan

25
Q

What are pick bodies

A

Tau protein

26
Q

treatment MND

A

riluzole-

Na channel blocker

increases liffe expectancy by 3 months

27
Q

definition ALS

A

damage to upper and lower motor neuron disease- lateral corticospinal tracts.

28
Q

duration of cluster headaches

A

15 mins

29
Q

Causes of SAH

A

Bleeding due to trauma, rupture of an aneurysm, and arteriovenous malformation are the main causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage

30
Q

managemenrt of epidural haemorrhage

A

emergency surgical management

31
Q

after 1 seizure, how many are eventually diagnosed with epilepsy

A

1/4

32
Q

most commonly fractured bone that results in epidural haematoma

A

temporal

33
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A

Hepatic encephalopathy is a central nervous system complication due to acute liver damage and its inability to metabolize ammonia to urea.

34
Q

neurotransmitter causing vasoconstriction in migrine

A

The neurotransmitter serotonin is increased during a migraine attack and cause vasoconstriction.

35
Q

pupil causing RAPD in MS

A

Marcus gunn pupil

36
Q

????, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist, treats spasticity in multiple sclerosis.

A

Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist, treats spasticity in multiple sclerosis.

37
Q

where is pain percieved in the brain

A

the insula lobe

38
Q

name for the connection between spinal cord and the dorsum of the coccyx

A

conus medullaris connects via the filum terminale

39
Q

what forms the denticulte ligament

A

pia and arachnoid mater

40
Q

at which level does he spinal cord also have a lateral horn

A

t1-l2

contains preganglionic sympathetic neurons

41
Q

tectospinal tract

A

head and neck movement

42
Q

reticulospinal tract

A

voluntary movement
pons- facilitate purposeful movement
medulla- inhibit unwanted movement

43
Q

vestibulospinal tract

A

extensor muscles

44
Q

layers of the cerebellum

A

molecular
purkinje
granule

45
Q

where to afferents arrive in the cerebellum

A

the granule layer

46
Q

where in the cerebellum do efferents leave from

A

the purkinje layer

47
Q

which cn does not synapse in the thymus

A

CN 1

Haem i don't know (6 decks)

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