Neuro History Flashcards
Plato
3 part soul
1) vegetative
2) animal
3) immortal
Vital Spirit
Thought to be the animating that makes us “alive”. Taken in through inhalation.
Hippocrates
Brain involved in sensation and is the seat of intelligence. 4 liquids in body for personality - black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, blood
Aristotle
Heart = center of intellect
Brains job is to cool blood
4 humors
Galen
Gladiator physician
Studied brain injuries and did sheep dissections
Discovered importance of brain
Vesalius
Used criminal corpses for study
Brain controls body like a pump, focus on ventricles
Descartes
Spirit works with physical mind through the pineal gland
Gall
Created phrenology - traits based on shape of skull
19th century
Injury to brain = disruption
Brain uses nerves to communicate
Brain has sub structures
Nerves are wires not tubes
Phineas Gage
Had a railroad spike go through his head, changed his personality due to prefrontal cortex damage
Bell & Megendie
Dorsal roots = sensory info
Ventral roots = motor info
Localization of brain functions
Broca & Wernicke
Speech and speech understanding section of brain
Müller
Law of specific nerve energies - all nerves carry the same type of message, specified by which nerves become activated
Von Helmholtz
Measured rate of neural impulse conduction
Nerves do not equal wires
Cajal and Golgi
Neuron Doctrine
Disagreed on if one could tell where nerves end
Discovered synapse - shared Nobel prize
